Ukusuka Umlimi oBalaseleyo
Njengomdali woluhlu oluphumelele amabhaso Ischemist epheleleyo , UHiromu Arakawa uphakathi kwamagcisa aphumeleleyo kule manga kule nkulungwane. Olu luhlu luthengise ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezigidi ezingama-64 kwaye lafumana uhlengahlengiso ezimbini ze-anime kunye nokukhutshwa kumabala emidlalo amabini ahlukeneyo. Yiyo, kunye nomnye umsebenzi ka-Arakawa, iwela kudidi lwe-shonen manga: Iicomic zaseJapan ezijolise kumakhwenkwe alishumi elinesibini nakwishumi elivisayo. Kwaye, ngelishwa, uHiromu Arakawa ligama lokubhala. Igama lakhe lokwenyani nguHiromi, kwaye uphakathi kwenani elikhulayo lamagcisa ababhinqileyo kushishino lwama-shonen.
Kwilizwe elikhanyiselwe ngakumbi, oku ngekhe kumangalise. Ibingayi kuba nangxaki. Kodwa kuqhelekile ukuba ufumane izimvo ezikwi-Intanethi ngokungathi andinalwazi lokuba ngumyili wazo Ischemist epheleleyo wayengumfazi! Akumangalisi! Kusekho umbono phakathi kwabantu wokuba abasetyhini abanakubhala izinto zamakhwenkwe okanye izinto zokwenza. Nangona kunjalo, u-Arakawa unamagama akhe ngalo mbandela :
Kudla ngokuthiwa abantu basetyhini bangcono ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo, ukubhala iingxoxo ezibethelela isikhonkwane entloko, kwaye amadoda ayayazi indlela yokwenza amabali ngokujija nokujika. Ke mna, ndicinga ukuba kunzima namhlanje ukwenza umahluko phakathi kweentlobo. Amanye amadoda ayakwazi ukuthelekelela abalinganiswa abanobuthathaka kunye nobunzima, ngelixa abanye abantu basetyhini bekwazi ukwenza amaxesha athile obundlobongela. Kule mihla, umbhali ngamnye uneempawu zakhe ezizodwa. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa.
Ngokucacileyo kusekho imiqobo yabasetyhini kwi-shonen manga. U-Hiromi Arakawa khange athathe i-Hiromu eyindoda njengegama lokubhala, kodwa ke isini sakhe ngekhe sisetyenziswe njengesizathu sokuba abafundi abangamadoda bagqithise umsebenzi wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, njengoJK URowling, umbhali wefantasy naye kwelinye icala lehlabathi owanyanzelwa ukuba enze isigqibo esifanayo, umsebenzi ka-Arakawa waphumelela kangangokuba isini sakhe asiyomfihlo.
Ulandela ekhondweni lomfazi alikhankanye njengenye yeempembelelo zakhe, umdali Inuyasha kwaye Ranma ½, URumiko Takahashi. I-shonen mangaka (i-manga artist) uTakahashi akayena nje omnye wabaculi be-manga abacebile eJapan kodwa kuthiwa ungowona mthengisi weentombi ezithengisa kakhulu kwimbali yehlabathi. Uninzi lwabasetyhini shonen mangaka balandele uTakahashi kunye noArakawa, abanjengo IKekkaishi umyili Yellow Tanabe kunye Izazi umdali uShinobu Ohtaka.
I-Arakawa ithathela ingqalelo inani elikhulayo le-shonen mangaka yabasetyhini njengotshintsho olwenzekayo. Kwakukho abafundi ababhinqileyo abafumana ezo shonen zisonwabisa kakhulu kwaye zihlala zinomdla ngakumbi kunesiqhelo shojo manga [manga ithengiselwa abafazi abancinci kunye namantombazana]. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, sasibadala ngokwaneleyo ukuba singazoba kwaye ke senza iimanga zamakhwenkwe. Oku kuchaza inani elonyukayo labadwebi ababhinqileyo kule ndawo.
Njengomculi onempembelelo kunye nempumelelo kunye nomhloli wamandulo wokuqala womda omtsha wabasetyhini kwi-manga, ubomi buka-Arakawa kunye nomsebenzi ngokuqinisekileyo uqinisekisa uvavanyo olucokisekileyo.
U-Arakawa uhlala ethe cwaka ngobomi bakhe bobuqu, ukuya kuthi ga apho kunzima ukuba ufumane umfanekiso wakhe. Kodwa utyhile okuninzi ngembali yosapho kunye nembali malunga nobugcisa bakhe ngodliwanondlebe.
Umzobo ka-Arakawa
Uya kuhlala ethetha ngokuthe ngqo nabafundi bakhe kwizongezo nasemva kwemanga yakhe, ezidweba njengenkomo ebonisiweyo, ebuyela ebuntwaneni bakhe kwifama yobisi. Ikhathuni yakhe yokuqala yokuzoba yayileyo wayizobayo enxibe iipanty zakhe zokulwa kumthamo wokuqala we Isinyithi esipheleleyo . Uzisola ngokunzulu ngokuba ngowona mfanekiso ubalaseleyo wakhe.
I-Arakawa iyi-geek uqobo, njenge fan hardcore ye Idabi leenkwenkwezi ngubani owalingwa kakhulu ukuba athenge iDarth Vader enkulu. Une-notp, njengezililo zakhe KUTHENI IPADAM IWELA I-ANAKIN? emva kwelinye igama kutyhila. Ndikunye nawe, Arakawa. Ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu angavuma ukuba eli nenekazi lifanelwe ngcono kunoko likufumeneyo.
Ukongeza, wazibhengeza njenge fan enkulu I-Indiana Jones kunye nomlindi wokuzinkcinkca bhanyabhanya we-B. Ndiyayithanda indlela abenza ngayo ukuba ndicinge ukuba 'yintoni le isihogo? Kuyaphambana! 'Ukanti nditsalele ngaphakathi ukuze ndibukele yonke le nto, utsho kwiphepha lokuqala levolumu yokuqala Isinyithi esipheleleyo. Uthi ii-movie ze-B zezona zimkhuthazileyo ukuba abhale ifantasy ye-madcap alchemy Isinyithi esipheleleyo . Xa uyifunda, nceda uyigxeke ngokuthi kuwe, ‘luhlobo luni lwealchemy leyo ?,’ ukhuthaza abafundi bakhe.
Umzobo wakho
UArakawa wakhula kunye nabantakwabo abane kwifama yobisi eHokkaido, indawo esemaphandleni eJapan. Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sezolimo kufana kakhulu nesikolo esisebenza njengendawo yokumisela Ipuni yeSilivere, Ikamva le-manga angalibhala , U-Arakawa wavuma ukusebenza kwifama yabazali bakhe iminyaka esixhenxe ngaphambi kokuba aye eTokyo ukuba abe ngumculi we-manga.
UArakawa ubhala kwaye azenzele eyakhe imanga. Unesitayile esingqukuva nesahlukileyo sokuzoba kwaye uzichaza njengomlandeli omkhulu wokuzoba izihlunu kunye nabantu abadala. Ukonwabela kakhulu ukuzoba abafazi abazithandayo kwaye wavuya xa umhleli wakhe wamvumela ukuba agcine ii-boobs kwelinye icandelo lomsebenzi wakhe. Xa inani labantu abanezihlunu emsebenzini wakhe laqatshelwayo, wakhala, Ukuba ndibazobela kakhulu, abantu baya kucinga ukuba abalinganiswa bam abangamahlwempu abatyi! Amadoda kufuneka abe yimisipha kwaye abafazi bafanele babe va-va-voom! Ukuya kuthi ga kwiimpembelelo zobugcisa ezingezizo zikaTakahashi, kwi I-Alchemist epheleleyo: Iiprofayili ucaphula incwadi INorakuro umbhali uSuihō Tagawa; Yudetamago 's Kinnikuman; noShigeru Mizuki, umbhali we GeGeGe akukho Kitarō .
Izinto ezininzi zemvelaphi ka-Arakawa njengomlimi waseHokkaido zeza kuchaphazela umsebenzi wakhe kunye nendlela yakhe ebomini. UArakawa uthi, ngemvelaphi yakhe njengomlimi, wafunda ixabiso lokusebenza nzima. Yena funda ngokulima ukuba ubuyise inani lomzamo owufaka kwinto ethile. Okukhona uzithanda izilwanyana zakho, kokukhona ziyakubuyisela kuwe. Okukhona ukhathalela imfuyo, kokukhona inyama yabo iya kuba ngcono. Ayisiyiyo imbono kuphela emva kwemixholo ephambili kwi Ischemist epheleleyo (utshintshiselwano olulinganayo-umntu akanathemba lokufumana nantoni na ngaphandle kokubingelela isixa esilinganayo), kodwa yinto eyenziwa ngu-Arakawa yonke imihla yobomi bakhe. Kucacile kuvavanyo lomsebenzi wakhe wokuba ungumntu osebenza nzima ngendlela engathethekiyo kwaye esenza konke okusemandleni ukwenza yonke into ayenzayo.
Ngexesha leminyaka yakhe esebenza efama, yena nabahlobo bakhe nabo bayila doujinshi (manga eyenziwe ngabalandeli esekwe kwimisebenzi esele ikhona), eyapapashwa kwi- Yonkoma kwiphephancwadi. Kwakhona wathatha iiklasi zokupenda ioli. U-Arakawa wenze kakuhle ephupheni lakhe lokufudukela eTokyo kwaye abe ngumculi we-manga ngo-1999. Wayesebenza njengomncedisi kumculi we-manga u-Hiroyuki Eto kwaye wapapasha i-manga yakhe yokuqala, Inja elahlekileyo , kwangalo nyaka. Umntu unokufumana ukufana okuninzi phakathi koku kunye ne-magnum opus yakhe Ischemist epheleleyo.
Iiphaneli ezivela Inja elahlekileyo
Ibali libonisa umntu oza kwintombazana encinci eyimveliso yovavanyo olwenziwe ngumkhosi. Uyinja yokoqobo emkhosini, njengoko eyinxalenye yenja.
Iiphaneli ezivela Ischemist epheleleyo
Isinyithi esipheleleyo U-Edward Elric obizwa ngokuba yinja yomkhosi ngabantu, kuba umkhosi omqeshileyo unegama elibi. Njengomlinganiswa kwi Inja elahlekileyo , Ubeka iinwele zakhe ngombala. Unamehlo egolide, uphawu olubonisa izinja zomkhosi kwimisebenzi yangaphambili ka-Arakawa. Isibhamu esinye sachazwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi FMA, nge-Stray Dog iluphawu lotywala abalinganiswa babonwa besela.
Isimbozo sobugcisa se Iidemon zaseShanghai
Ngo-2000, u-Arakawa wapapasha isahluko semanga esabizwa Iidemon zaseShanghai, isiqwenga esihlekisayo esasineqela labazingeli beedemon abasebenza e-China.
Isimbozo sobugcisa se Ischemist epheleleyo
NgoJulayi ka-2001, wapapasha isahluko sokuqala se- Ischemist epheleleyo, ebalisa ngeziganeko zabazalwana ababini be-alchemist, u-Edward no-Alphonse Elric, njengoko besebenzela ukubuyisa imizimba yabo emva kokuphulukana nabo kwilinge lokubuyisela umama wabo ofileyo ebomini. Olu luhlu lwaba yinto enkulu kwaye lwafumana uhlengahlengiso lwe-anime ngo-2003.
Nangona u-Arakawa encedisile kuphuhliso lokuqala lwe-anime, wagqiba kwelokuba abavumele ukuba basebenze kwiskripthi ngokwabo, njengoko wayecinga ukuba kuya kuba ngcono ukuba i-anime kunye ne-manga babe neziphelo ezahlukeneyo, kuba i-manga yakhe yayisenebali elininzi ukuhamba. Ngenxa yoko, i-anime ka-2003 iyahluka ngokuphawulekayo kwi-manga, njengoko kwenza i-movie egqiba uluhlu, Uloyiso lweShamballa .
Ukukhuthaza ubugcisa be I-Alchemist epheleleyo: Ubuzalwana anime
Nangona kunjalo, Isinyithi esipheleleyo yayidume ngokwaneleyo ukuba ivumelane nokulungiswa kwe-anime yesibini, ke xa u-Arakawa wayesondela ekugqityweni kwe-manga ngo-2009, kwabhengezwa i-anime entsha ethembekileyo. Kwabizwa UHagane noRenkinjutsushi: I-Alchemist epheleleyo eJapan kwaye I-Alchemist epheleleyo: Ubuzalwana eMelika. UArakawa wabelana ngokuphela kwemanga yakhe kwi Ubuzalwana umlawuli, ukuze xa isahluko sokugqibela semanga (isahluko 108) sapapashwa ngoJulayi 2010, isiqendu sokugqibela se- Ubuzalwana isasazwe kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva. Inkwenkwezi eNgcwele yeMilos, Imuvi ebonisa umqobo ecaleni Ubuzalwana, yakhululwa ngo-2011.
Inqanaba lemveliso kunye nokuzinikezela kuka-Arakawa ngexesha alibhalileyo Ischemist epheleleyo Kulapho ukuzibophelela kwakhe ekusebenzeni nzima kukhanya kakhulu. Ngokwenene kuyinto emangazayo leyo. Ayiphelelanga ekuzobeni nasekubhaleni amaphepha angama-40 nangaphezulu ngenyanga, uzobe imibala yemibala, wayenzela abalinganiswa Isinyithi esipheleleyo Imidlalo yevidiyo, imizobo egqityiweyo yeenoveli ezikhanyayo, kwaye incedisiwe kwimveliso yazo zombini ii-animes kunye neemovie. Ukuze ungqinelane Ubuzalwana Ukukhululwa, usebenze ixesha elongezelelekileyo kwaye wenza izahluko zokugqibela ze Isinyithi esipheleleyo 60-dibanisa amaphepha ngenyanga, kunye nesahluko sokugqibela ngaphezulu kwekhulu lamaphepha. Kwi ukongeza kuyo yonke le nto, wayenomntwana wakhe wokuqala ngo-2007 kwaye akazange athathe ikhefu lokuya kubeleka.
Umsebenzi wakhe onzima ngokuqinisekileyo wahlawulwa, kuba njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, yayingenguye kuphela Isinyithi esipheleleyo iphumelele ngokumangalisayo, yaphumelela amabhaso aliqela- kubandakanya ne-Shogakukan Manga Award ngo-2004 kunye ne-Seiun Award ye-Best Science Fiction Comic kunye ne-Tezuka Osamu yeNkcubeko yeBhaso loMzobi oMtsha oGqwesileyo ngo-2011.
Kodwa linda! Kukho okungakumbi! I-Arakawa ayisebenzi nje Isinyithi esipheleleyo Ngexesha lika-2001-2010, kodwa wabhala itoni yamanye ama-manga nawo. Oku kubandakanya izahluko ezingaphezulu Iidemon zaseShanghai.
Iidemon zaseShanghai ubugcisa beqweqwe
Ngo-2005 wapapasha manga ebizwa ngokuba I-Raiden-18, apho isazinzulu esikhohlakeleyo esonwabileyo uGqirha Tachibana esenza isilo esikhulu saseFrankenstien anqwenela ukusizisela iinjongo zakhe.
Iiphaneli ezivela I-Raiden-18
Ngo-2006 wapapasha umfanekiso omnye obizwa ngokuba Souten no Koumori ( I-Bat kwi-Sky Sky ), malunga nentombazana encinci / owayengumbulali we-ninja ezama ukuhlawulela izono zakhe.
Iiphaneli ezivela Souten no Koumori
Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, waqalisa manga ngokuphila kwakhe Umlimi oBalaseleyo, apho ku waxoxa ngemvelaphi yakhe yokulima. 
Umlimi oBalaseleyo ubugcisa beqweqwe
Uye wabonisa kwaye wanceda ukubhala imiqulu emihlanu Amabali amaqhawe ngo-2006. UArakawa wade waya eTshayina ukuya kwenza uphando ngale manga, eyayinomdlalo wedrama ye-wuxia yaseTshayina kwaye ijolise kwinkwenkwana kunye neqela labahlobo bayo befumanisa ikamva labo njengamagorha.
Amabali amaqhawe ubugcisa beqweqwe
I-Arakawa ngokucacileyo ithathwa kunye ne China, njengoko inkcubeko yamaTshayina iyinto ephindaphindayo emsebenzini wakhe. Ukwengeza kwi Amabali amaqhawe kwaye Iidemon zaseShanghai, I-Arakawa yenze ilizwe leXing kwi Isinyithi esipheleleyo, Ngenkcubeko yeXingese ngokucacileyo ifana nenkcubeko yamaTshayina.
Iphaneli kaLaila Seiren ukusuka Amabali amaqhawe
Njengo Ischemist epheleleyo , Amabali amaqhawe ikwafumene uhlengahlengiso lwe-anime, nangona yahluke kakhulu kwimanga. Kwimanga, umzekelo, udade omncinci we-protagonist, uLaila Seiren, ukhula abe ligorha ngokwakhe. Phantse isiqingatha sevolumu yokugqibela sinikezelwe kumlo wakhe oyindumasi ngokuchasene nomphathi owayesoyisile umntakwabo kwaye wabulala amaqabane akhe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-anime, uLaila akanalo uphawu lwearc kwaye ubuyiselwe kwintombazana ekwimeko yoxinzelelo. Ukusukela ukuba idabi lika-Laila le-epic kwi-manga linemigca eliqela ekhumbuza Isinyithi esipheleleyo , Andinakukuzibuza ukuba yayingu-Arakawa na, hayi omnye wababhali, owayenoxanduva lokuba uLaila abe ligorha elaziwayo elinearc yangempela.
Uqikelelo lwam alugqithwanga nje kwi- my yeyakho uluvo lokuba u-Arakawa uthambekele ekubhaleni abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo nabaqaqambileyo. U-Arakawa ngokwakhe uphawule ukuba wenza iinzame ezisebenzayo zokugcina iqela elixhasayo labasetyhini elixhasayo. Kwelinye lamagama asemva kweencwadi zakhe zobugcisa, wayenexhala lokuba kwakungonelanga bantu babhinqileyo Ischemist epheleleyo okwangoku. Okungakumbi kwaziswa kungekudala emva koko.
Umzobo ka-Arakawa
Uye wayivuma loo nto Isinyithi esipheleleyo , wayefuna ukuza UWinry Rockbell (omnye wabalinganiswa ababhinqileyo abaphambili) kunye nabanye abantu basetyhini ngaphambili ukulinganisa into awayecinga ukuba lixabiso eliphantsi labasetyhini kwizahluko zokuqala, kodwa umhleli wamphika. (Ngokumangalisayo kukuba, u-Winry ubonakalisa iziqendu ezibini zokuqala zohlengahlengiso lwebali, enikezela kwakhona umnqweno ka-Arakawa.)
IArakawa ithi kumthamo we-12 Isinyithi esipheleleyo ukuba yayijikelezwe ngabasetyhini abasebenza nzima uninzi lobomi bakhe obakhuthaza ukuzinikezela kwakhe ekusebenzeni ngokuzimisela, kwabasetyhini abasebenzayo emsebenzini wakhe. Imotto yosapho lwethu ithi ‘abo bangasebenziyo, abakufanelanga ukutya.’ Wonke umntu kufuneka asebenze nzima ukuze aphile, kuquka nabasetyhini nabantwana. Yiyo loo nto kukho abantu ababhinqileyo abasebenzayo Isinyithi esipheleleyo .
Kufanele ukuba icace gca kweli nqanaba ukuba u-Arakawa usebenza nzima njengalo naliphi na ibhinqa alithandayo. Uninzi lwabantu luya kufuna ukuthatha ikhefu emva kwesixa semisebenzi asihlekisayo Isinyithi esipheleleyo nayo yonke loo nto. Kodwa iArakawa ayingobantu abaninzi.
Spoon yesilivere ubugcisa beqweqwe
Emva kokugqiba Ischemist epheleleyo , ngo-2011 u-Arakawa waqala isilayi-yobomi bokulima manga ebizwa Ipuni yeSilivere, esaqhubekekayo. Kwakungu-7thI-manga ethengisa kakhulu eJapan ngo-2012 kwaye ifumene ukulungelelaniswa kwe-anime kunye nokulungiswa kwe-movie-action action. Ikwaphumelele iMbasa ye-Manga Taisho kunye neShokagukan Manga Award.
Inethiwekhi yeendaba ze-Anime isiqwenga kumntwana wesithathu ka-Arakawa
Ngelixa usebenza kwi Iipuni zesilivere , UArakawa wayenomntwana wakhe wesithathu. Kuyinyani kwifom, waqala ukusebenza kwaye wanika udliwanondlebe kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kamva.
Spoon yesilivere kukuthi, ngokwamkelwa kuka-Arakawa, imanga engobomi ngokungaqhelekanga. Isimo sayo sikwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sezolimo eHokkaido, njengaleyo yayifundwa nguArakawa. Ukwathi uninzi lwabalinganiswa lusekwe kubantu bokwenyani, ephawula ukuba ingcali enzima, ebetha umpu ngutitshala wokufuya iihagu kwimanga ngu esekwe kumfazi wokwenene owayengumfundisi-ntsapho kwisikolo sika-Arakawa. Mhlawumbi utyekelo lomlinganiswa ophambili lokuzibhokoxa emsebenzini ikwangumbhali.
Ukukhuthaza ubugcisa be- Spoon yesilivere anime
UArakawa uthe enye yeenjongo zakhe ngothotho yayikukwazisa abantu abaninzi malunga nenyani yeshishini lokufama. Wayefuna ngakumbi ukunxibelelana ngendlela onomvuzo ngayo umsebenzi wezolimo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, waphumelela, ngokutsho kwakhe, izicelo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo zezolimo ziye zanda ukusukela oko Spoon yesilivere yathandwa.
Umdlalo weHeroic weArslan ubugcisa beqweqwe
Ewe, u-Arakawa wayengenako ukuzibamba ekusebenzeni kwimanga enye ixesha elide. Ngo-2013 waqala ukulungelelanisa ama-manga Umdlalo weHeroic weArslan.
Ke siyazi ukuba u-Arakawa yingcali ezinikele ngokumangalisayo, kodwa uthini ngobuntu bakhe? Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezongezelelekileyo, uhlala ethetha ngezinto azithandayo kunye nobuntu ngabafundi bakhe. Abantu bamthatha njengentloko eshushu njengabalinganiswa bakhe abaphambili (luhlobo lokukhwaza kwiscreen xa edlala imidlalo yevidiyo). Nangona kunjalo, uzijonga njengabalinganiswa bakhe abaxhasayo ngakumbi, ngakumbi Isinyithi esipheleleyo ‘Umntakwabo omncinci ozeka kade umsindo, uAlphonse Elric. UArakawa unabantakwabo abadala kakhulu.
Omnye umzobo
Ngoku ukuba umazi u-Arakawa njengomntu, nceda undijoyele kwixesha elizayo apho siza kuvavanya khona imixholo ephindaphindayo yemisebenzi yakhe emibini, Ischemist epheleleyo kwaye Spoon yesilivere. Siza kujonga indlela u-Arakawa aluvavanya ngayo uxinzelelo lobuhlanga, indlela amele ngayo abantu basetyhini, uphando alubekayo kwimanga yakhe, kunye nembono yehlabathi iyakhuthaza imisebenzi yakhe. Siza kuphinda sixoxe ngezinto ezinokubhengeza ngabom ezicela umngeni kwiitrope ezifumaneka ngokufuthi kwindawo ye-shonen manga kunye nolunye uhlobo lomsebenzi wakhe awela kuwo.
UCaitlin Donovan lixesha elide elihlekisayo kunye nebhlog ye-intanethi okwangoku esebenza kwi-MFA yakhe nakwinoveli yakhe yokuqala. Wayekade ebhalela iBig Shiny Robot kwaye ixesha elithile wanceda ukuqhuba ibhlog xa iFangirls ihlasela. Kwezi ntsuku, ubukhulu becala unokufunyanwa ebhloga kwiTumblr yakhe, Inenekazi lothando nobulungisa .
- Ukunikezela ngoKhulu Ischemist epheleleyo Umboniso we-Anime
- Zonke iindawo eziBalaseleyo zokuBukela ii-Anime ezingekhoyo eJapan
- Igama leGunxSword : Esona Sithuba sikhulu seDama eNkulu mhlawumbi awuzange ubone
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