Ukuba undibuza ukuba yeyiphi imovie endiyibeka kwinto yokuqala ngoDisemba ukuze ndingene kumoya weholideyi ndiza kukuxelela kwangoko ukuba yiyo IKrisimesi emhlophe . Umculo we-1954 uyiklasikhi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: ingxoxo ebengezelayo, imidaniso engakholelekiyo noVera Ellen, umdlalo ohlekisayo kaDanny Kaye, iimpahla ezimnandi zikaEdith Head, kunye namazwi angacimekiyo kaBing Crosby noRosemary Clooney.
IKrisimesi emhlophe ibonisa eyona nto ibalaseleyo kwiHollywood yakudala… kodwa ikwaluhlobo olunomdla lwamatye e-rosetta kolunye utyekelo olubi kakhulu lobudala begolide baseHollywood xa kufikwa kugqatso: ukuba kunokuba zibandakanywe ekubuzeni ubuhlanga baseMelika, bayayityeshela kwaphela xa iingoma zakudala ngoku zinembali yobuhlanga. IKrisimesi emhlophe izibophelelo ngqo kwimbali yaseHollywood ehlolwe nge-blackface, imiboniso ye-minstrel kunye nelifa eliyinkimbinkimbi lomnye wababhali beengoma ezinkulu zaseMelika: Irving Berlin.
Andizukuya kwam ngenxa yomsindo kunye nokufowuna IKrisimesi emhlophe Umboniso bhanyabhanya onobuhlanga. Ngokucacileyo nangokwesicatshulwa ayinakucalula ngokobuhlanga… kodwa kungenxa yokuba akukho bantu bantsundu kuyo bucala ngaphandle komntu ohamba nebartender kwimoto yeklabhu kwibala leSnow. Umboniso bhanyabhanya ebusweni bawo uneengxaki ezifanayo neefilimu ezininzi zexesha lakhe: yayenziwe ngabantu abamhlophe kubaphulaphuli abamhlophe kwaye babephethe ubuhlanga baseHollywood kunye nexesha layo. Kwaye omnye wabo bantu wayengumbhali wengoma omkhulu waseMelika kwimbali, u-Irving Berlin.
U-Irving waseBerlin, umqambi weKrisimesi emhlophe kunye noThixo Basikelela iMelika wayengumJuda, umphambukeli waseRussia oweza eMelika xa wayesemncinci. Wakhulisa unyana we-cantor yesikhungu, umculo wamaJuda waba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bakhe bokuqala kunye nasemculweni. Weza kulutsha, wafumana impumelelo njengombhali wengoma kwaye wakhonza emkhosini, ebhala iingoma zawo onke amajoni ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I (siza kubuyela kuloo nto).
UBing Crosby kunye noDanny Kaye bacula iBlue Skies
Enye yeengoma zokuqala ezinkulu zaseBerlin kunye nengoma yesibini esiyiva kuyo IKrisimesi emhlophe yiBlue Skies. Imvelaphi yasekuqaleni yemveliso ekhohliweyo yeZiegfeld ebizwa ngokuba Ukutya , IBlue Skies inenye yeembali zobuhlanga ezinzima kuyo nayiphi na ingoma phaya. Indlela ezivakala ngayo iBlue Skies, ngokwembali yomculo, ngokucacileyo yayingamaJuda kubaphulaphuli abaninzi kwiminyaka ye-20, kodwa ke yaba yinto edumileyo. Kwaye yaba ngumculo wokuqala owakhe wasetyenziswa kwimovie xa wayeculwa ngumlinganiswa ongumYuda kwi-blackface in Imvumi yeJazz.
Umahluko we Imvumi yeJazz kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuqala kwe-Blue Skies kungumfuziselo wokuba uninzi lwaseHollywood lwalusebenze njani ngobuhlanga. Abantu abajamelene nocalucalulo ngokwabo -ukuchasana nokuziphatha kwimeko-basazibandakanya kwizinto zobuhlanga, njenge-blackface. Andazi ukuba u-Irving Berlin wayesazi okanye evakalelwa kukuba i-blackface yayinobuhlanga ngelo xesha, kuba Imvumi yeJazz yayingeyiyo eyokuqala okanye yokugqibela yokusebenzisana kuka-Irving neBlackface kunye nesiko elikhulu le-minstrel. Kwaye yile nto isibuyisela kuyo IKrisimesi emhlophe apho le ngoma kunye nezinye ezininzi zikhutshwe ngokobuhlanga kunye nomxholo wangaphambili wobuhlanga.
Okokuqala, ukujika. I-Minstrel ibonisa kunye ne-blackface yavuka kuqala phakathi kwabadlali abamhlophe nge-1830s kwaye yabandakanyeka kubadlali abamhlophe abazipeyinta ubuso babo kwimifanekiso yamakhoboka amnyama. Babenazo iitrope zabo, abalinganiswa besitokhwe, iziqhulo, kunye nolwimi lomculo. Abadlali abamnyama ekugqibeleni bajoyina kule midlalo, kwaye iinguqu zabo zihlala zifuna ukuphazamisa nokuhlekisa iingcinga ezibonisiweyo kule miboniso.
Ngelixa u-Minstrel azibonakalisa engathandwa kwinkulungwane ye-20, i-blackface iqhubekile kwaye nezinye iitrope kunye ne stereotypes ezivela ngezo ntsuku ze-minstrel, ezinje ngabalinganiswa baka-Mamie, okanye ukubonwa komntu omnyama okanye omnyama ogqoke iigloves ezimhlophe (bona: Mickey Mouse ). Sisahlala nezinto ze-minstrel kwinkcubeko yethu- IKrisimesi emhlophe ukuba ngomnye wabo. Ukuphela kwale miboniso evela kwindawo leyo kukhokelele ekubeni ezinye zingabi nantliki kubo, kubandakanya ne-Irving Berlin encinci.
UClooney, uKaye noCrosby bajonga ngasemva ngothando kwiintsuku zomculo ezilahlekileyo.
Ngoku, buyela ku IKrisimesi emhlophe . Uyakhumbula imihlathi embalwa emva xa ndakuxelela malunga nexesha lika-Irving Berlin emkhosini kwi-WWI? Ewe, oko kwakungaphambi kokuba eve ngokuthetha imifanekiso okanye ecamngca ngo-Al Jolson (ofumana ukukhwaza ngaphakathi IKrisimesi emhlophe Ukucula malunga noMamie kwiscreen, kodwa i-blackface kunye ne-minstrelry yayiyinxalenye yesigama sakhe senkcubeko kakhulu nangoko kangangokuba wabhala amanani aliqela kumkhosi wakhe wamajoni ohlaziyiweyo owawuphethwe okanye uphenjelelwe yimiboniso ye-minstrel kwaye enye yezo ngoma yayinguMandy kunye nenani elibizwa ngokuba yi-Minstrel Number elathi ekugqibeleni layenza IKrisimesi emhlophe phantse amashumi amane eminyaka kamva.
Ngelixa uMandy engenabungozi xa ethathwa yedwa, inombolo kwi IKrisimesi emhlophe oko kuyenzeka, xa uCrosby, uKaye, kunye noClooney becula ngolangazelelo lwabo lweentsuku ze-Minstrel esiziphosileyo zinzima kakhulu xa kuthathwa umxholo. Ezi zintathu zikhokelela ekuculeni ngothando malunga nemiboniso ehlekisayo ibonakala ingaqhelekanga… ude uqonde ukuba bayalila ngokulahleka kobuhlanga, ubugcisa obuyingozi obaphuma kwisitayile senkulungwane ngaphambili.
Yayilucalucalulo lobuhlanga ngo-1917, kwaye mhlawumbi lwenza ingqiqo ngakumbi emva koko, kodwa kunje mangalisi ngo-1953. Ukuba awuyazi ukuba uthini umbethi womculo weengoma, le ngoma ilunge ngokugqibeleleyo… kodwa ukuba uyayenza, yinto yayo engaqhelekanga ukuyiva emculweni ekude lee ukuba isuswe kwi-minstrelry. Kodwa kungenxa yokuba IKrisimesi emhlophe ngumboniso weengoma zaseBerlin ezazenziwe zathungelana kunye kuyo yonke indawo, kubandakanya nezinye iipropathi ezinobunzima.
IKrisimesi emhlophe yinto esingayibiza ngokuba ngumculo wejukebox kule mihla. Uninzi lweengoma zazingabhalelwanga umboniso bhanyabhanya, kwaye lukhenketho nje kumashumi eminyaka omculo ka-Irving Berlin, kubandakanya neengoma ezininzi awazibhalayo xa wayesemkhosini kuba IKrisimesi emhlophe malunga nesibini seMfazwe yeWWII. Uninzi lweengoma ezinxulumene nomkhosi esiva kumboniso zivela kwinto efanayo-ebizwa Yip Yip Yaphank - ukuba uMandy uvela ngelixa abanye bephinda baphinde baboniswa kwi-movie ye-1943 Iholide yeholide , apho ingoma yokuqala yeKrisimesi emhlophe yaqala ukuva kwiscreen.
Elinye lamanani amaninzi asezantsi emkhosini abuyiselwe kwakhona IKrisimesi emhlophe .
Umbono wokwenza imovie esekwe kwingoma emhlophe yeKrisimesi uqobo, esele ibonisiwe kumdlalo bhanyabhanya, isenokuba yinto eyabanjwayo ethi le ngoma yaba lilitye lokuchukumisa amajoni akhonza kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. UCrosby uthetha ngendlela beyiculela amajoni yayinamava anemvakalelo ngokunzulu, enye iphinde yafunyanwa kwifilimu). Kodwa ndiyathanda ukucinga ukuba inokuba inento yokwenza nenyaniso yokuba, ngelixa IKrisimesi emhlophe ayiyiyo ifilimu enobuhlanga ngokwenene… Iholide yeholide Ngokuqinisekileyo kunjalo.
Iholide yeholide Iinkwenkwezi uBing Crosby noFred Astaire kwaye zimalunga nehotele evulekileyo kuphela kwiiholide (ezibonakala ngathi zisisimumu) kwaye baqala ukukrola umphanda weengoma zeholide ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Oyena mntu wenza isaphuli-mthetho okona kude kube kunjalo super-ngokobuhlanga Abraham inani malunga noLincoln ekhulula amakhoboka. Inombolo ayenziwanga kuphela ngu-Bing Crosby kwi-blackface (kunye neqela kunye nabadanisi), kukho icandelo apho umlingiswa kaMamie (lelo ligama lakhe lomlingiswa!) Ucula ivesi kubantwana bakhe… ekhitshini. Ingoma apho abantu abamhlophe abamnyama kunye nosapho olumnyama olugcinwe ekhitshini bancoma umntu omhlophe ngokukhulula ubumnyama? Kuyothusa ukubukela ngoku.
Le ngoma, njengezinye iingoma ze-icky, iyasetyenziswa IKrisimesi emhlophe ngendlela engenabuhlanga. Ngokwenyani simva uAbraham kuphela kwinguqulelo yesixhobo njengoko uVera Ellen edanisa umsila wakhe. Iinxalenye zayo zobuhlanga azikho. Kuyafana nenani le-minstrel, elinomboniso omncinci kuphela we-minstrel okanye umfanekiso omnyama kwii-caricature esizibonayo kwezinye zangasemva. Kukwanjalo nakwiBlue Skies eyingoma nje emfutshane apha emonti. Uninzi lwezinto ebeyingxaki zisusiwe kwezi ngoma-ngaphandle kwembali yazo.
Inani lika-Abraham lingenile IKrisimesi emhlophe Ikhefu lokudanisa kuphela.
IKrisimesi emhlophe inokubizwa kakuhle IKrismesi ehlanjwe mhlophe kuba itshayela izinto ezininzi zeengoma zayo ezazisetyenziswa ngeendlela zobuhlanga ngaphambili phantsi kombhoxo. Kodwa ngaba kulungile? Ukuba ne-Blue Skies, uMandy no-Abraham kwifilimu njengoko benjalo ngokuqinisekileyo kungcono kunendlela ababoniswe ngayo kwezinye iimuvi nakwimiboniso; kwaye ngaphandle komxholo, ziingoma ezintle. I-Blue Skies ngokukodwa ifumene imibutho yobuhlanga kunye ne-blackface emva yathandwa. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa okudlulileyo kwezi ngoma kwimibutho kunye ne-minstrelsy kunye ne-blackface nako akunakucinywa.
Andiqondi ukuba kukho impendulo apha, kuphela yincoko. IKrisimesi emhlophe yi-movie yakudala endiyithandayo kwaye umculo wayo uyimpawu ngeendlela ezininzi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yenkcubeko yemovie kunye nomculo ukuze ubone ukuba ingena phi kwibali elikhulu, elide lendabuko yaseMelika kunye nohlanga. Okufanayo kuya ku-Irving Berlin ngokwakhe, owayeyinxalenye yesiko elikhulu laseMelika elalikhathazwe bubuhlanga, kwaye wenza eyakhe indima ukuyiphembelela nokuyijika.
IKrisimesi emhlophe- ingoma, yeyona ngoma ithandwayo ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye yabhalwa yindoda yamaJuda ngehlobo lase-California. Yonke imovie kunye nengoma kunye nesiqwenga sobugcisa sinebali, akusoloko kumnandi kwaye kukhanya. Kodwa ihlala ibalulekile.
(imifanekiso: Imifanekiso ephambili)
