EMelika, sinomdla kwiimvavanyo zeSalem Witch. Inxalenye enkulu yembali yethu yempambano kunye neminye imiba yentsholongwane yenkolo exutywe nenkohliso yobungxowankulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa noLingo lweeWitch eYurophu, asinanto kubo.
Emva kokupapashwa kwephecana lokuzingela amagqwirha Umnqweno ngo-1486, ukubulawa kwamagqwirha yinto eyaba negalelo ekutshutshisweni kwabantu abathile ngenkohlakalo ngekhulu le-16 nele-17. Ngexesha lokupapashwa kwayo, uninzi lwezazi ngezenkolo zazifana ehhh, lo mntu usenokuba uyakhubeka. Kodwa le ncwadi yaba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu wekhulu le-15, ethengisa yonke into ngaphandle kweBhayibhile kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezizayo. Kwaye kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni kwamagqwirha, ikakhulu abafazi kunye nabantu ababehlala ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo emiselweyo.
Ngoku ka ezinye iingqikelelo , Phakathi kowe-1400 ukuya kowe-1782, xa iSwitzerland yazama yaza yabulala igqwirha lokugqibela ekucingelwa ukuba yayililungu laseYurophu, phakathi kwama-40 000 nama-60,000 abantu babulawa ngenxa yobugqwirha. I-80% yabo babulawa yayingabafazi kunye nabantu ababengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40.
UGwynn Guilford ubhala kwiQuartz Indawo yokuhlala yaseJamani eSt Maximin yatshisa abantu abangama-500 njengabathakathi phakathi kokuqala kwayo ngo-1572 naphakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1590. Xa abantu babenabahlali abangama-2 200 kuphela ukuqala, ayisiyiyo nje into yokutshisa igqwirha, kukubulawa kwabantu. IJamani kunye neSwitzerland ngokukodwa, kuba loo ndawo, ngakumbi iJamani, yaba yindawo yokulwa enegazi kakhulu kwiimfazwe zamaKatolika nezamaProtestanti. Ukufunyanwa embindini ngabona bantu babesengozini.
Amagqwirha kunye nomlingo ziyinxalenye yehlabathi kwaye ngokubanzi ziqhelekile ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kangangexesha elide, icawe yamaKatolika yayinzima inkxaso yobugqwirha, kodwa abakwenzanga ukutshiswa kwamagqwirha kube yeyona nto iphambili (babebaninzi ekugwetyweni ngokuchasene nabaqhekeki abadala). Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yokuba ukugcina amandla abekwe embindini bekuye kwalula kude kube luHlaziyo kunye nokuchithwa kwala magunya kwiYurophu iphela. Ngenxa yoko, emva koko, ukutshiswa kwamagqwirha akuzange kube malunga nokukhusela abantu kubathakathi, kodwa malunga nokugcina ubukhulu beCawa yamaKatolika.
Njengokuba uQuartz esitsho, ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu samatyala obugqwirha kunye ne-90% yamadabi enkolo ayenzeka ngexesha loQhushululu, xa amaKatolika anyusa impendulo yawo kubuLuthere obusemthethweni phakathi konyaka we-1550 nowe-1650. Ukunyuka kwamagqwirha atshutshisayo kwenza into embi uhlobo lwengqondo xa luqwalaselwa ngelensi yokhuphiswano lwenkolo:
AmaProtestanti ayethanda ukubalumka ngakumbi ubugqwirha; ULuther ngokwakhe wagunyazisa ukubulawa kwamagqwirha amane, ngelixa uCalvin ebongoza amagosa aseGenevan ukuba alutshabalalise ugqatso lwamagqwirha, utshilo uGary Waite, unjingalwazi wembali kwiYunivesithi yaseNew Brunswick I-Oxford Handbook yoBugqwirha kwiYurophu yaseYurophu yanamhlanje kunye naseMelika yobuKoloniyali . Iinkokeli zamaKatolika zazisoyika. Baphendule ngezinye zeyona ndyikityha yokubulawa kwabantu, iSt Maximin phakathi kwabo. Oko, kwabakhuthaza abaphathi bamaLuthere ukuba baphakamise umdlalo wabo wokuzingela abathakathi nangakumbi.
Uphando lwamagqwirha lwaludla ixesha kwaye lubiza. Kodwa umvuzo unokufanele. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yeyiphi indlela ecacileyo eyayikho yokulinganisa umlo nxamnye noSathana kunokubala umlilo omkhulu?
Iingcali zezoqoqosho zithi ukuzingelwa kwamagqwirha kuye kwehla ngenkulungwane ye-17 ngenxa yoXolo lwaseWestphalia. Elo gama ligama elihlangeneyo lezivumelwano zoxolo ezimbini ezatyikitywa ngo-Okthobha u-1648 kwizixeko zase-Westphali zase-Osnabrück naseMünster. Kwaphelisa iimfazwe ezimbini zonqulo ezibandakanya iMfazwe Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu kwaye kwazisa uxolo kuBukhosi obuNgcwele baseRoma. Kwalixesha lembali yaseYurophu eyabulala malunga nezigidi ezisibhozo zabantu. Ukanti kule nxalenye yehlabathi, ubukhulu becala ayivakali.
Abafazi, amadoda, kunye nabantu ababehlala ngaphandle kwemida babulawa ngobuninzi ngenxa yengxabano yenkolo kunye noloyiko phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProtestanti. Amaza okuqala, ubukhomokazi besibini, kunye nemibutho yabasetyhini kwezentlalo kudala yaxoxa malunga nokuba kwakuthetha ntoni ukuba uninzi lwala maxhoba yayingabafazi. Kodwa nokuba zithini iingxaki zentlalo ezibangelwe luloyiko lokuzingela amagqwirha, inyani kukuba, ngenxa yamandla ombutho wamadoda kungquzulwano, abantu basetyhini — ngakumbi abo babenobuganga bokubamba imiqolo yobungqingili besini — babephambene, betyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho olungaqhelekanga, kwaye benzakaliswe. Ndinqwenela ukuba singatsho ukuba ayisiyiyo le nto uluntu lusasokola nayo.
(nge Quartz , umfanekiso: Indawo Yoluntu)
Ngaba ufuna amanye amabali anje? Yiba ngumbhalisi kwaye uxhase indawo!
-UMary Sue unemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokuphawula engavumiyo, kodwa ayikhawulelwanga, ukuthukwa nabani na , Intiyo nentetho egonyamelayo. —
