Ubumnandi luhlobo olubandakanya uninzi lweentlobo-ntlobo, ukusuka kumbono wembali ukuya kwifantasy yasezidolophini kwaye, ewe, fantasy ye-epic. Kanye nje nge-science-fiction, yinto eqhelekileyo yokucinga ukuba abaxhasi abakhulu kwi-genre bahlala bengamadoda. Ngelixa (abamhlophe) amadoda anokubonakala ngakumbi kuhlobo, oko akufuneki kucime igalelo elikhulu elenziwe ngabasetyhini kunye nabantu bebala kwimbali.
Ukuba besiza kukhankanya umbhali wokuqala ongumfazi obhinqileyo, oko bekuya kuthetha ukuba kuqala kwahlulwe iifantasy zanamhlanje kwiifantasy zakuqala, ezinokuthi zingeniswe ngaphakathi kwiintsomi kunye nemisebenzi, yithi, umbhali wasentsomini waseFrance uMadame d'Aulnoy okanye umbhali wenoveli ongumFrentshi uGabrielle -Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve, obhale eyokuqala Omhle kunye nesilwanyana Ibali esiqhelene nalo namhlanje.
IiTrailblazers zakuqala
(umfanekiso: I-Domain yoLuntu nge-Wikimedia Commons )
Xa ujonga iikhonsepthi zale mihla zamaphupha, ngokusebenzisa iilensi zaseNtshona, umbhali wokuqala obhinqileyo wenqaku uya kuba ngumbhali oliNgesi uMargaret Lucas Cavendish (iDuchess yaseNewcastle-upon-Tyne). Cavendish, kwi Ilizwe elivutha umlilo, ubhale into ethathwa njengelinye lamabali okuqala e-science-fiction efundwa ngakumbi njengebali lamaphupha, ngokoluvo lwam-apho umfazi, okwabizwa ngokuba nguMargaret Cavendish, esiba nguKumkanikazi woluntu olungenazinto zizele zizilwanyana ezithethayo.
UGertrude Barrows Bennett, obhale phantsi kwegama elithi plume uFrancis Stevens, uthathwa njengovulindlela kwisayensi nakwintsomi. Encwadini Abalingani kwiWonder: Abasetyhini kunye nokuZalwa kweNzululwazi yeFiction, UBennett unikwe ikhredithi ngokuba ngoyena mntu ubalaseleyo kubango lobumnini bohlobo olumnyama lobumnandi kwaye uthathwa njengenye ye-HP. Iimpembelelo zikaLovecraft zomsebenzi wakhe.
Le ndlela ye-gothic yoyikekayo inokubonwa kwimisebenzi yeli xesha njengoStephen King Inqaba emnyama uthotho, uJeffe Kennedy Ukugxothwa kwiiLwandle , kunye nemisebenzi ka-Anne Rice. Abalingani kwiWonder ikwaqaqambisa ukuba, ngaphandle kokubonakala kokuqina kokubhalwa kwabasetyhini kwiminyaka yama-60 kunye neye-70, ukucinywa kwezinto ezifezekileyo zabasetyhini akuthethi ukuba bekukho ukungabikho kwabafazi ebaleni.
Abafazi be-'60s / '70s
(umfanekiso: I-Doman yoLuntu nge-Wikimedia Commons )
Nangona kunjalo, kungenxa yemisebenzi kaLeigh Brackett, owayengumfazi wokuqala ukubekwa kuluhlu lweHugo kwaye wasebenza kumdlalo wokuqala wesikrini Inkqubo ye- Ubukhosi buhlasela emva , ukuba sinemibono ethile ye-Space Opera kuncwadi nakwifilimu.
Inkcubeko yePop yehlise inani lezongezelelo zikaBrackett kwi Idabi leenkwenkwezi lwendaba, kuba uGeorge Lucas kubonakala ukuba wayengayithandi loo midlalo, kodwa njenge io9 ' Umseki kunye nomlobi ophumelele amabhaso uCharlie Jane Anders wazisa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo , amabali abalulekileyo asisiseko ayafana, kwaye uBrackett weza nombono kaLuka Skywalker onodadewabo abangamawele.
U-Brackett wayekwangumcebisi kuRay Bradbury, kwaye nangona wayegculelwa ngokubhala indawo yefantasy, endaweni yokuba ibe yintsomi yesayensi, ifuthe lakhe kuhlobo olo lisaqhubeka.
Ursula K. Le Guin, osweleke kulo nyaka, ibingumfazi wokuqala ukuya ku-Hugo weyona Ncwadi iphambili, Isandla sasekhohlo sobumnyama, evavanya imixholo yesini kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kwiplanethi eyintsomi ebizwa ngokuba yiGethen, apho abantu bengenaso isini esisigxina. U-Le Guin wazisa ubufazi obugqithisileyo kuhlobo (nangona belusoloko lukhona) kwaye wadala olona vavanyo lwaziwayo lwe-androgyny kwi-science fiction.
Abanye ababhali ababhinqileyo abangama-60s kunye nama-70s, abafana no-Anne McCaffrey, uKate Wilhelm, nabanye abantu ababhinqileyo abangena kummandla wobunzululwazi / weentsomi, bavumela ababhali ababhinqileyo ukuba babonwe ngendlela entsha. Ngaphandle kukaDiana Wynne Jones, besingayi kuphoswa yimpembelelo enkulu kubabhali beentsomi abanjengoPhillip Pullman, uNeil Gaiman, uTerry Pratchett, noJ. Rowling, okanye ababhali abatsha bathanda IsiXeko seShadow ‘S URyan Weiser .
Ulutsha kunye noMdaniso waseDolophini
Kwilizwe lethu langoku, sigcwele ababhali abanetalente abanetalente kuzo zonke iintlobo zodidi. Ukukhula, Tamora Pierce’s Tortall uthotho yayiyinto yonke kum. Iinguqulelo zam zentengiso ezithandwayo zithandwa kakhulu.
Okwakubaluleke kakhulu malunga noPierce yayingekuko ukuba umhlaba wakhe wawuzaliswe yiyantlukwano yobuhlanga kunye ne-LGBTQ kuphela, kodwa wayenamaqhawekazi ababhinqileyo awahlukileyo. UAlanna wayengenguye uDiane, kwaye uKel wayengenguye u-Alanna 2.0. Tortall yayiluludwe lweengcinga ezimnandi ezazibandakanya bonke abantu, zinomdla wokunxiba ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye zazivumela abalinganiswa basetyhini ukuba babe ngabantu abanzima, abanzima.
Ukuncika kwimibono engokwembali, esinye sezihloko endizithandayo nguLibba Bray's IGemma Doyle Trilogy , kuba iyafana noFrancis Hodgson Burnett Ubugcisa , kwaye bendiyidinga ebomini bam. Ndiyawathanda amabali ngobuhlobo babasetyhini ngomnwe womlingo, njengoLeanna Renee Hieber omtsha ISixeko esiBonakalayo , konke oku malunga nobuhlobo babasetyhini kunye nezibophelelo phakathi kwabalinganiswa ababhinqileyo, ezihlaziya ngokwenene.
Ababhali beentsomi zasezidolophini abanjengoKim Harrison bathambekele ekubeni bangafumani ukunconywa okuphezulu kunye neembali zentsomi, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwabo lwehlabathi kunye nokukwazi ukwenza uthotho lokonwaba akunakujongwa. Ukugcina kunye nokugqiba uthotho lweencwadi ezininzi ayisiyonto ilula, njengoko uninzi lweenzame ezincinci zingqinekile kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Sinezinto ezininzi ezithandekayo ezijolise nje ekubeni sikwazi ukubalisa amabali ngamabhinqa amancinci kuhambo, njengoAlexandra Rushe Umlingo oMileyo uthotho, uBarb Hendee Ukukhetha Iimfihlelo okanye ukonwabisa, ukubalisa iintsomi ezifana noJim. C Hines ' Inkosazana Uthotho okanye iHolly Black Iimbali zeFaerie zale mihla.
Ndikunye noN. UJemisin, ukumkanikazi wam, ophumelele uHugo amatyeli amathathu elandelelana — umbhali wokuqala ukwenza njalo- kunye nomlobi wokuqala oMnyama ukuphumelela uHugo, wenza amabali anje Ixesha lesihlanu , Kunye ne- Ilifa Trilogy, Sibona iintlobo ze-sci-fi kunye nefantasy ikhula iyeyona ibandakanya bonke abantu ixesha elide, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhumbula abantu basetyhini abasizise apha, kunye nabasetyhini abaye baphumelela kwanaxa uluntu oluqhelekileyo aluzange bazi amagama abo.
(umfanekiso: Michael Buckner / Getty Izithombe)
