Nge-30 kaJuni, ngo-1862, isahluko sokugqibela sikaVictor Hugo wexesha elingapheliyo Usizana yapapashwa. Iklasi engapheliyo li-adage ehlala iphoswa ejikeleze, kodwa ngaphakathi eli tyala, alinakubonwa ngakumbi. Usizana ihlala ifanelekile njengoko ibinjalo kupapasho, kwaye ukuba uyayifunda iyakukutshintsha njengomntu.
Ewe, uya kutshintshwa ngokungenakuguqulwa ngokuvezwa kwe-Hugo's epic, nokuba uyayithiya (ukugoba ubunzima obuninzi obujikelezayo kwenza kube nzima ukulibala-kukho isizathu sokuba abalandeli bayithande njenge-The Brick). Kodwa ngokuzimisela okukhulu, Usizana yinto ebalulekileyo, ecaphukisayo, entle nechukumisayo. Ihlala njengowona msebenzi udumileyo kaHugo-kwaye uHugo wayenemveliso entle, kubandakanya neenoveli ezinje I-Hunchback yeNotre Dame, imibongo, kunye nemidlalo ngoku esele ilityelwe- kwaye ibonakalise indawo esisigxina kwinkcubeko ethandwayo.
Incwadi ayikaze iphume ngesitayile ukusukela oko yavela (yayiyeyona nto ithengisa kakhulu kubathengisi bayo ngemini yayo, nangona iphononongwa kamnandi ngabagxeki abangaboniyo). Uphengululo alunamsebenzi: Usizana Yayibhalelwe abantu kwaye abantu bayamkela. Izizukulwana zabafundi ziye zaqhubeka nokufumana imixholo ephambili yokuhlengahlengiswa, uthando, ingcinezelo kunye noxinzelelo koorhulumente abangenabulungisa. Ukulungelelaniswa komculo kuka-1980 nguClaude-Michel Schönberg kunye no-Alain Boublil baba yinto yamazwe aphesheya, kwaye nabantu abangengomculo baqhelene neengoma zokuphuma komboniso ezinje ngeNdaphupha Iphupha kwaye Uyabeva Abantu Bacula?
Ndingumlandeli omkhulu womculo (ndiyimamele njengoko ndiyichwetheza le), kwaye ukusukela ebuntwaneni. Ukuba ufuna ukuya kucula Ngenye imini! kunye nam kwikaraoke, ndikulungele ngonaphakade. Kodwa kwakungekho emva kwekholeji apho ndafikelela ekufundeni Usizana ngokupheleleyo. Yinto entle ukuyenza: iwotshi yencwadi ngaphezulu kwamagama angama-650,000, ukuyenza enye yeenoveli ezinde eyakha yabhalwa.
Obu bude buqinisekisa ukuba nokuba awukho kwinxalenye ethile yebali-isingeniso esiya kubhishophu waseDigne, yithi-kubuninzi babalinganiswa bayo abanomdla nakwisiqwenga seminyaka engamashumi, Usizana Inento yomntu wonke. Zingaphi iincwadi onokuzithengela ulwandle lwasehlotyeni kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ziyakuxhasa ebusika?
Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kokulungiswa komculo kunye nomdlalo bhanyabhanya (ngoku kutsha nje ifilimu kaTom Hooper ka-2012, eyaphumelela u-Anne Hathaway u-Oscar kwindima yakhe njengoFantine, kunye noWolverine onenkwenkwezi njengoJean Valjean), abaninzi bayalwazi ulwandlalo olusisiseko Inkqubo ye- Usizi:
UJean Valjean, utyholwa njengesaphuli-mthetho ubomi bonke ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho lokweba isonka, esenziwa ngenkani amashumi eminyaka ngumhloli wamapolisa ongayekiyo uJavert. Usindiso lukaValjean ngobubele bukaBhishophu kunye nokwamkelwa kwentombazana encinci, uCosette, washiya kwiimeko ezibi ngumama onelishwa owancama yonke into ngenxa yakhe.
Kamva kamva kukho ibali lothando likaCosette noMarius Pontmercy, mhlawumbi i-hipster yasekuqaleni (uMarius wazigxotha kwimvelaphi yakhe etyebileyo ngenxa yothando lwezopolitiko zikayise waseBonapartist kwaye wayehlala ekuhluphekeni njengomguquleli, echitha uninzi lwencwadi ngokusisiseko ndikhwaza ukuba ndiyenzile into endiyifunayo, uBaron uTatomkhulu! xa ungenzi ithole-amehlo kuCosette).
Kamva kwimiqulu enamandla i-subplot yaziswa malunga nabahlobo bakaMarius, iqela elizibiza ngokuba yi-Les Amis de l'ABC (malunga nabahlobo babantu, kumdlalo wegama lesiFrentshi njengoHugo uyayithanda), ekhokelwa ngumvukeli mlilo Enjolras. Abancinci, abanomdla, kwaye ikakhulu abantwana belungelo, aba bafundi badibana ukuze bazame ukuwisa urhulumente-ekugqibeleni angabinamazinyo kunye noqhankqalazo olunzima kwizimo ezinzima abahluphekayo ababesebenza phantsi kwazo.
Kunzima ukufumana umbhali edunyiswa njengoHugo othathe unobangela wabo batyholwa ngovelwano nangobabalo. Ingakhangeleka icocekile ngesiFrentshi, kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba isihloko sencwadi siguqulela esiNgesini njengesiXhalabisayo, kwaye yayingabahlali apho uHugo wazama ukubaphakamisa ngemisebenzi nezenzo zakhe. UDickens angasondela, kodwa siyayazi indlela awayeziva ngayo ngogonyamelo, ungquzulwano olwagungqisa iklasi-ayengawona maxesha mabi.
Ngelixa uhlala udidekile noQhushululu lwangaphambili lwaseFrance, iziganeko zobuqhetseba eziboniswe kwi Usizana Ngaba ngovukelo lwangoJuni lwango-1832, umzamo omfutshane nongaphumelelanga wokubhukuqa ubukhosi obabubekwe rhabaxa nguMkhosi weSizwe. Izithintelo ezimanyumnyezi eziboniswe ngokubalaseleyo kwezomculo kunye namaphepha encwadi zavela malunga neParis kangangokuba uVictor Hugo wazibonela ngawakhe amehlo.
UHugo, eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, wabanjwa ezitratweni ngexesha lovukelo, kwaye yenza umbono: wasebenza iminyaka engamashumi amabini ukubhala ibali Usizana kwaye ke wanika ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwezopolitiko indawo ebonakalayo kwimbali nakwimemori. Ukuba ungafunda ngolu lutsha luthembisayo ukunciphisa kwi-prime yabo ngesikhalo sokuPhila ixesha elizayo! Ngaphandle kokufuduswa, unomgaqo-siseko ongqongqo kaJavert.
Ngaphaya kweentsuku ezigqithileyo, Usizana Libali lokwenyani lomntu nelobuntu, kwaye yile nto liyigcinile yaziwa kangaka kwizizukulwana ezininzi. Ukubandezeleka kwabasetyhini, ukuphathwa kwezinto ezingaphantsi, inkohlakalo yegunya kunye nesandla esinzima somthetho ongenabulungisa-le micimbi, ngelishwa, isekho jikelele. Kwi ileta Kumguquleli wencwadi wase-Itali ngo-1862, uHugo wabhala:
Unyanisile, mhlekazi, xa undixelela loo nto Usizana ibhalelwe zonke iintlanga. Andazi nokuba iza kufundwa ngabo bonke, kodwa ndiyibhalele bonke. Ijongiswe eNgilane naseSpain, e-Itali naseFrance, eJamani naseIreland, kwiiRiphabliki ezinamakhoboka kunye neeKumkani ezineserf.
Iingxaki zentlalo zigqitha kwimida. Izilonda zoluntu, ezo zilonda zikhulu zigubungele umhlaba, azimisi kwimigca ebomvu okanye eblowu elandelwe emephini. Kuzo zonke iindawo apho indoda ingazi nto kwaye ityhafile, kuyo yonke indawo apho umfazi athengiselwa isonka, naphina apho umntwana ehlupheka khona ngenxa yokungabikho kwencwadi emyalelayo kunye nendawo yokufudumeza, incwadi Usizana unkqonkqoza emnyango athi: Ndivulele, ndiza kuwe.
Usizana Ngokuqinisekileyo ayikokukhanya okulula, nangona uHugo ikwangumntu ohlekisayo onezakhono ezingazange zibone i-pun angayithandiyo. Kukho iindinyana zobunewunewu obukhulu, kwaye, ndingaxoxa, ezona mzobo zinzulu zemibala eyahlukeneyo yoluntu oza kudibana nayo.
Thatha njengomzekelo woko kwenzekayo kuJavert, othi kuyo yonke le ncwadi abe ngumchasi ophambili kaValjean, indoda ethe kratya ekuqineni kwemigaqo yakhe kangangokuba ayinakwenzeka ukuba imithetho ethile ingabinasiseko kwaye umntu owakhe wagweba ukuba Isaphuli-mthetho sinokuba silungile. UJavert usenokuba ngummeli wanamhlanje wayo yonke into engalunganga kunyanzeliso lomthetho kunye nenkqubo yezobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokungafuni kwabantu ukuthatha iinkqubo zethu xa zisiza ukugcina ukungalingani.
Kodwa ekugqibeleni ekwamkeleni ukuba uValjean ayisiyiyo le nto akholelwa ukuba uyiyo, uJavert ufumana ubunzima bokuzibona kwezinye zeendinyana ezibabazekayo Ndakhe ndahlangana . Ugqibela ngokubhala ileta ngayo yonke intswela-bulungisa ayibonileyo kwaye wathatha inxaxheba kuyo ngaphambi kokuba athabathe ubomi bakhe, engakwazi ukulwa nelizwe elinzima ngakumbi kunokuba wayevumele ukuba abone. Ukufunda kunye noJavert kukufumana ama-cartwheels engqondo awenzayo. Ndicinga ngokutyhilwa kukaJavert ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye ndinqwenela ukuba ndinokukwenza ukuba kufuneke kufundwe.
Okanye, kolunye uluvo oluphantse lwaphikisana nemeko yomntu, jonga inkcazo kaHugo yomgxeki, utywala iGrantaire, eqhotyoshelwe kubaguquki Abahlobo baseLABAB kuphela ngamandla othando lwakhe:
Phakathi kwazo zonke ezi ntliziyo ziqaqambileyo kunye neengqondo eziqinisekileyo, bekukho umntu ongathandabuzekiyo. Ufike njani apho? Ngokuchazwa. Igama le-sceptic yayingu-Grantaire, kwaye wayenomkhwa wokuzityikitya nale rebus: U-Grantaire wayeyindoda eyayikhathalele kakuhle ukuba ingakholelwa kwinto. […]
Onke loo magama: amalungelo abantu, amalungelo abantu, ikhontrakthi yentlalontle, iMvukelo yaseFrance, iRiphabhlikhi, idemokhrasi, ubuntu, impucuko, inkolo, inkqubela phambili, zisondele kakhulu ekuboniseni nantoni na eGrantaire. Wabancumela. Ukuthandabuza, okoko kubukrelekrele kobukrelekrele, akuzange kumshiyele umbono omnye. Wahlala ngesigqebelo. Le ibiyi-axiom yakhe: Inye kuphela into eqinisekileyo, iglasi yam epheleleyo. […]
Nangona kunjalo, lo mntu unamathandabuzo wayenenzondelelo yempambano enye. Le mbono yokuzibaxa izinto yayingeyiyo imfundiso, okanye umbono, okanye ubugcisa, okanye inzululwazi; yayiyindoda: Enjolras. UGrantaire uyathandwa, uyathandwa, kwaye uhlonipha u-Enjolras. Ngaba lo mgxeki we-anarchical wazimanya nobani kule phalanx yeengqondo eziqinisekileyo? Kwezona zinto ziphezulu. U-Enjolras wayemoyise njani? Ngezimvo zakhe? Hayi. Ngophawu lwakhe. Into edla ngokubonakalayo.
Umntu othandabuzayo onamathela kwikholwa ulula njengomthetho wemibala ehambelanayo. Into esisweleyo iyasitsala. Akukho mntu uthanda ukukhanya njengemfama. Isinqandamathe siyayithanda idrama-enkulu. Inqina lihlala lijolise ezulwini. Ngoba? Ukuze ujonge intaka xa ibhabha. UGrantaire, ekubhalwe kuye amathandabuzo, wayethanda ukubukela ukholo lukhula e-Enjolras. Wayenesidingo se-Enjolras.
Ococekileyo, osempilweni, oqinileyo, oqinileyo, onzima, noqinisekileyo indalo yamtsala, ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokucacileyo oko, nangaphandle kwembono yokuzichaza kuye ukuba yenzekile kuye. Wayeyithanda into yakhe ngokuchasene nethuku. Izimvo zakhe ezithambileyo, eziyekisayo, ezigulayo, ezingenampilo, ezinamathele kwi-Enjolras njengekholamu yomqolo. Umqolo wakhe wokuziphatha uxhomekeke kokuqina. I-Grantaire phambi kwe-Enjolras yaba yinto enye kwakhona.
Ndiyathetha, ngubani phakathi kwethu khange Ngaba ulinxila elithandabuzayo uthandana ngokunzulu nezinto zethu ezingathandekiyo? Kufana nokuba uHugo undifumana kwinqanaba lomntu.
Kuninzi okwenziweyo kubufundi, ngakumbi kwi-fandom, yokunconywa kukaGrantaire u-Enjolras, kunye nembonakalo ye-homoerotic yokuba uHugo, inkosi yolwazi lwakudala, ubonakala ngathi uyambeka (IGrantaire ilingana ngqo nezinto ezithandwa nguPatrocles, Nisus, kunye noHephestion).
Uqwalaselo lwabalandeli lukwanikezelwa kukutsala phakathi kukaValjean noJavert, kunye nenkululeko yobufazi ka-Eponine, intombazana enesibindi eye yawa ithamsanqa kodwa yinyani kuye-kwaye yenye yezona ndima ziphambili zale ncwadi, ecaleni komncinci wakhe okrelekrele nonobubi. Mzalwana uGavroche (jonga umfanekiso weDoodle apha ngentla, ngekepusi). Ndingabhala izincoko ezingapheliyo phantse kuwo wonke umlinganiswa Usizana , kwanezincinci, kunye nokutolikwa kwazo kwezi mini abo bazinikelayo baphuphileyo. Ayikho enye ipropathi, yokubhala okanye enye into, ekhuthaza ukuzinikela kunye neemvakalelo kum. Kwaye kule, ndiyazi ukuba andindedwa.
Ukuncamathisela okukrakra kwi Usizana Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yabakho okoko yaqalwa le ncwadi, kodwa kulandela ifilimu yomculo iHooper, umsinga wayo waqhuma ngamandla kwi-Intanethi. Kukho ukuzinikezela okuthile ku-Les Amis de l'ABC (aka amakhwenkwe athintelweyo), ibango lesizukulwana esitsha esinokuchonga ukungonwabi kolutsha ngegunya elingenabulungisa. Ii-Amis ezintsha zihlala zinikezelwa kwi-fic kunye ne-fanart kumnyama wobuzwe kunye nezesondo, kwaye ii-cosplayers zizifaka kwiimilo ezintsha nakwiimeko. Ukufunda nokuthanda Usizana ayisosenzo esinzulu kuphela, kodwa inokuba yindlela yokuphila.
Ukugxekwa rhoqo kwale ncwadi kukungxola okude kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukubhalwa nguHugo-amaphepha amaninzi kwimbali ye-Battle of Waterloo ukuseta indawo enye ephathelene neWaterloo, yithi, okanye idatribe edumileyo ngemvelaphi yenkqubo yogutyulo yaseParis. . Kodwa unokhetho lokutsiba ezi ndinyana, okanye kungenjalo qala uHugo kuzo zonke iindinyana ezigqwethekileyo zexesha elidlulileyo. Ndiyathembisa ukuba ngelixesha uza kuvela kwelinye icala le- Usizana, uya kuba nemvakalelo enkulu yovelwano kunanini na ngaphambili, kwaye mhlawumbi nomnqweno wokutshintsha umhlaba. Ndiza kubona kwi barricades.
(umfanekiso: Universal)
(umfanekiso: I-Doodle ebalaseleyo kaGoogle namhlanje ngembeko kaVictor Hugo)
