Ngokukhululwa kwesizukulwana sesithathu Wii Ukude okuqulethe izinto ebekufanele ukuba bezikumlawuli ixesha lokuqala okanye lesibini, I-Nintendo Iyaqhubeka nesiko lenkampani ekude ukuba abalandeli abaninzi abanokudibana nomphuhlisi owaziwayo: Ukuba neenkani.
Ukusuka kubadlala ukuya kubangengabo abadlali, iNintendo ligama lekhaya kwihlabathi liphela. Malunga nomntu wonke unokuchonga uMario ubuncinci ukuba unikwe umfanekiso wesidudla esinamafutha kunye nemadevu enkulu kwi-ovalolo ebomvu. Uphawu oluhloniphekileyo lunembali ebekiweyo egcwele amnandi phezulu kwaye ezantsi ezimbi . INintendo ishiye ilifa elininzi, ukusuka kwifayile ye- impumelelo yemidlalo ephathekayo, usasaza iifayile ze- intonga ye-analog kwaye nyanzela ingxelo abalawuli, kunye nokuzisa umdlalo kwi abaphulaphuli abaninzi .
Kodwa uNintendo unenkani kakhulu.Ngamanye amaxesha ukwenzakalisa oko, nokuba kube bezizisela elubala lwentshabalalo. Inxalenye yayo ihloniphekile, izalwe ngokuzama ukugcina umfanekiso onobuhlobo wosapho kunye nokubonelela ngomxholo onobuhlobo kwindalo iphela, kodwa ezinye zazo zingenangqondo kwaye ziyothusa, zibonakala ngathi zizalwe ziivenkile zeshishini kunye namadoda amadala abambelele kwiindlela zawo zakudala.
Ukunyanzelwa
Ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala zeNintendo, umva xa iibits ziyinto enxulumene ngokubanzi nomgangatho wemidlalo, INintendo yaseMelika ndinomgaqo-nkqubo wobuzwilakhe opheleleyo ngokumalunga nomxholo womdlalo. Abayi kuyivuma imidlalo yokupapashwa kwinkqubo yabo ukuba nasiphi na isikhokelo zaphulwa:
- Awunakho ukuquka imixholo ekhuthaza ukulala ngesondo okanye ucacile kubandakanya udlwengulo kunye / okanye ubuze.
- Awunakho ukuba nolwimi okanye umboniso ochaza ngokuthe ngqo amalungu esini.
- Ayikwazi ukubonisa ubundlobongela obungenasiphelo kunye / okanye ubundlobongela obugqithisileyo.
- Ayikwazi ukubonisa umzobo womfanekiso wokufa.
- Ayikwazi ukubonisa ubundlobongela basekhaya kunye / okanye ukuxhatshazwa.
- Awunakho ukubonisa amandla agqithisileyo kumdlalo wezemidlalo ongaphaya kwento ekhoyo kwezemidlalo zoqhakamshelwano.
- Awunakho ukubonisa ubuhlanga, inkolo, ubuzwe, okanye iingcinga ezikhohlakeleyo zesini; Oku kubandakanya iisimboli ezinxulumene nalo naluphi na uhlobo lobuhlanga, inkolo, ubuzwe, okanye ubuhlanga, ezinje ngeminqamlezo, iipentagram, uThixo, ooThixo (oothixo basentsomini baseRoma bamkelekile), uSathana, isihogo, uBuddha.
- Awunakho ukusebenzisa ukungcola ngamanyala nangaluphi na uhlobo okanye ukubandakanya ulwimi okanye izijekulo ezinokucaphukisa ngemigangatho yoluntu kunye nezinto ozithandayo.
- Awunakho ukubandakanya okanye ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, izixhobo zokutshaya, kunye / okanye utywala (iNintendo ayivumeli ukuba ibhiya yentengiso yecuba ibekwe kwibala lemidlalo, ibala lezemidlalo okanye udonga lwentsimi, okanye ucingo kumdlalo wezemidlalo.
- Awunakho ukubandakanya imiyalezo yezopolitiko encinci okanye ukugqithisa iingxelo zopolitiko.
Ukuqiqa ngasemva kwale mithetho kuyavakala, kodwa xa zidibene, zininzi kakhulu: Oku kukuthintela okungqongqo ngakumbi kunoko bekusenzeka rhoqo kumabonwakude nakwifilimu. Le mithetho ikhokelele kwisinye sezenzo zokuqala zenkani ezonakalisa uphawu lwazo: Ukukhululwa komdlalo wokulwa ngo-1992 Mntundini Kombat kwi Inkqubo eNkulu yeNintendo yeNzolo .
Mntundini Kombat yayiyimpumelelo ethandekayo kwii-arcade kunye nabadlali abaninzi beekhonsoli abafuna Mntundini Kombat kumakhaya abo. Xa ixesha ekugqibeleni lafika, uNintendo wenqaba ukuvumela igazi ukuba liboniswe kumdlalo, enyanzelisa oko kwakubhalwe ngombala obomvu ukuba kutshintshwe kube yimibala engwevu, ebonisa ukubila. Baye basusa eyona ndawo iphambili yokuthengisa Mntundini Kombat , umzobo kunye nomzobo ukufa . Njengoko i-gamer isazi, Mntundini Kombat ayikho Mntundini Kombat Ngaphandle kokukhaba intloko yomntu okanye ukukrazula intliziyo yakhe, yiyo loo nto Sega iGenesis Inguqulelo yomdlalo yaba yimpumelelo enkulu, ishiya ingxelo ye-SNES isilelo elihlazo. I-SNES kunye ne-Sega Genesis baba, ngaphandle kwenxalenye encinci ngenxa ye- Ukuziphatha Kombat fiasco, eyona mfazwe yomlo osondeleyo ekulweni kwimbali yeshishini lokudlala ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Esi yayisisiqalo sento eyamkelweyo yokuba uNintendo wenza imidlalo yabantwana, eshiya abadlali abafuna izinto ezingaphezulu okanye imixholo evuthiweyo yokutsiba inqanawa kwimbali yenkampani, isenzo esisaqhubeka nangokuphindaphindeka komhla ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla nge-Wii yeNintendo. kunye neyabo Indawo yokudlala 3 kwaye I-Xbox 360 oogxa. Bade baya kude bahlekise ngohlobo lwe-NES DuckTales .
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kokunyanzelwa yayisisenzo esinye senkani, kwaye nangona iphosakele nangona yazalwa ngaphandle kwento elungileyo, uNintendo akazange asifunde isifundo kwangoko nangoko, eqhubeka nokwenza inkani ephantse kukhokelele ekuweni kwenkampani kunye nokuphuma kwintengiso yevidiyo.
Uyenze njani ngengozi iNintendo PlayStation
Njengoko besikhe saxoxa ngaphambili, uNintendo wayekwintsebenziswano nayo Isony ukwenza uncamathiselo olusekwe kwi-CD-ROM kwi-SNES yabo, kodwa xa uNintendo waphula ubambiswano no-Sony ngokuqhubeka esala isicelo semali esivela kwaSony malunga nengeniso evela kwintengiso yeeCD-ROM, uSony ekugqibeleni waphinde wenza iqela Isikhululo sokudlala Uphawu olwamkele imixholo evuthiweyo kunye neendleko zexabiso elibukhali uNintendo aqhubeka esala ukwamkela. I-brand ye-PlayStation iqokelele ngokukhawuleza ukulandela okuthembekileyo okukhulu kwaye xa Indawo yokudlala 2 ikhutshiwe, uninzi lwabadlali badlisiwe ziinkqubo zabantwana zikaNintendo, beshiya uNintendo UmdlaloCube Ukuntywila, kubangela umlilo wamarhe malunga nokubhujiswa okuzayo kukaNintendo.
‘Ngumhla uNintendo ayekayo ukwenza izixhobo ngumhla uNintendo ayekayo ukwenza imidlalo’
Emva kokuba owayesakuba nembangi yakhe uSega equbude kumzi mveliso wehardware ngenxa yezizathu zezemali kwaye wagxila kwakhona ekuveliseni isoftware, kwaye engqina ukuba leyo yayiyenye indlela enengeniso yokuqubuda kwishishini ngokupheleleyo, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uNintendo angenza okufanayo ekuphenduleni intengiso ephantsi kakhulu ukusuka kwi GameCube. Xa ujongene nethemba lokuyeka imveliso, kodwa ugxile kuphela kwimveliso yesoftware njengendlela yokuhlala uphila, umongameli weNintendo Satoru Iwata kuchaziwe ukuba umhla uNintendo uyeke ukwenza i-hardware ngumhla uNintendo eyeka ukwenza imidlalo. Ukuthintela uhlobo oluthile lomlingo oludibeneyo kunye nolwethu apho uNintendo anike abanye abaphuhlisi besoftware ukuba balawule intanda yakhe UMario kwaye Zelda ii-franchise (bazamile isandla sabo ngokudlula Imetroid kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ukuphononongwa okuhle ), Ingxelo kaIwata yayithetha ukuba ukuba uNintendo wasweleka eso sizukulwana, siza kuba, umzekelo, asizange sifumane esinye Zelda isihloko kwakhona.
Njengoko uSega eqinisekisile, akukho hlazo ekugxileni kwisoftware - babuya engcwabeni beza kwimpumelelo egqumayo - kodwa uNintendo wayenenkani kakhulu ukuba aqhubeke nokuthanda kwabo iifranchise kubalandeli babo abafileyo ukuba kufuneka babize ukuyeka ishishini lehardware. Esi sicwangciso, ngokuyimfuneko, ngekhe sibe neNintendo ebambe abalinganiswa bayo abathandekayo ngentlawulelo. Ewe, yindlela esebenza ngokukodwa kwinkcazo yemveliso (umzekelo, thenga inkqubo yakwaSony ukuba ufuna ifayile ye- ifazwe yezithixo ), kodwa njengoko uSega eqinisekisile, uNintendo ngewayenokuthatha indlela ephezulu kwaye ebenike abalandeli babo imidlalo abayifunayo. Ngethamsanqa, uNintendo akazange ayishiye imboni yehardware, kodwa ukuba babenayo, bephelisa yonke imali yabo xa benokuphumelela ngokulula kwintengiso yesoftware ngokuqinisekileyo yindlela enenkani, neyoyikisayo.
Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokunyanzelwa kobuzwilakhe, ukudala olona tshaba lwabo lukhulu oluphantse lwababeka ngaphandle kweshishini kwaye baba neenkani ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangaqhubeki nokwenza abalandeli babo abathembekileyo, abakhohlakeleyo ukuba bonwabile ukuba bebengazinzanga ngokwasemalini ngokwaneleyo ukuvelisa izixhobo zentsimbi, iintsingiselo zeNintendo's Itekhnoloji kunye nezenzo zeshishini zenza ukuba inkampani ibonakale njengexhego elidala, lanelisekile ngeendlela zalo ezindala.
Nintendo vs. CD
Xa i-PlayStation izisa imithombo yeendaba ye-CD-ROM ngaphambili, uNintendo walile ukutshintshela kwindawo yokugcina, ekhetha ukubambelela kwiingcambu zekhatriji. Nangona i-PlayStation yayiyinkqubo ye-32-bit ngokuthelekiswa ne-Nintendo's 64-bit INintendo 64 , I-PlayStation yayihlala inemizobo kunye nomculo ogqitha kude nantoni na efumaneka kwiqonga leNintendo ngenxa yogcino olubanzi lweediski ezinikiweyo xa kuthelekiswa neekhatriji zikaNintendo.
U-Sony no-Nintendo bafudukela kwesi sizukulwana silandelayo, kwaye u-Sony wasuka kwi-CD-ROM waya kwii-DVDs nge-PlayStation 2 yakhe, ekugqibeleni ephelisa ii-disc zomaleko-mbini, ukubonelela nge-as-ka-ngeloxesha ukugcinwa kweekhonsoli zemidlalo. Okokugqibela, uNintendo wahambisa ngeekhatriji- ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iiDVD, bafudukela kwii-mini-DVD, ezazigcina ii-1.4 gigabytes zedatha, isixa esiphantse siphindwe kane kuneDVD yesiqhelo, engqingqwa enye kunye naphantsi kancinci kunephathekayo. isixhobo sokudlala, isixhobo se- IPlayStation ephathekayo . Ekuphoseleni kwinkani ebangele ukungavisisani kwe-CD-ROM, uNintendo ngokucacileyo ukhethe le fomathi ukunqanda umrhumo welayisensi kwi IQonga leDVD . Xa u-Sony no-Nintendo befudukela kwisizukulwana sangoku, u-Sony waquka i-hard disk drive kwi-PlayStation 3 kwaye wakhupha Iblu ray , ifomathi yediski enexabiso elihlekisayo lokugcina okunokubakho kwidiski enye, ngelixa i-Wii yeNintendo yongeza kuphela i-512MB encinci yokugcina ebhodini kwaye ekugqibeleni yagqiba ekubeni ihambe kwiiDVD eziqhelekileyo, indawo yokugcina isizukulwana esidlulileyo. Inkani yabo yokuhlawula iForam yeDVD ngexesha lokuveliswa kweGameCube khange ifezekise enye into ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla emidlalo yeGameCube, kwaye kuye kwafuneka bahlawule nemirhumo yelayisensi kwiForam yeDVD kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
I-GBA Afterburner fiasco
Ukuqaqadeka kwabo akufikeleli nje kwimidlalo nakwifomathi yemithombo yeendaba, kodwa kuchaphazela kakhulu izixhobo zabo zekhompyutha. Ngaphandel ko noko encinci amandla e-console kumzamo wokunciphisa iindleko, mhlawumbi elona cala likhulu lenkani yehardware yaboniswa xa uNintendo wakhupha umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zabantu abadumileyo. Umdlalo womfana , Umdlalo wenkwenkwe phambili . I-GBA ithunyelwe ngaphandle kombane wesikrini, ekhokelela uninzi lwabadlali abaninzi ukukhalaza ngokubonakala okungalunganga: Nabani na owayene-GBA ukhumbula ukuba kufuneka abeke ngokugqibeleleyo phantsi kwezibane ezingezizo ukuze asebenzise isixhobo, ngandlela ithile isuse ukubonakala kwayo. UNintendo ubanga ukuba abafaki ukukhanya kwi-GBA yabo ngezizathu ezimbalwa, ezibini zazo bezingenakulinganisa ukukhanya kwifom yefom kwaye ukukhanya kunokutya ngamandla ibhetri. Kungekudala emva kokukhululwa kwe-GBA, UAdam Curtis , umongameli Iilebhu zeTriton , ikhuphe ukuguqulwa kwe-GBA efake ukukhanya kwangaphambili kwinkqubo, igqibe ngeqhosha lokuqaqamba, elibizwa ngokuba yi Emva kokutshisa . Imodyuli ingena ngokufanelekileyo kwi-GBA, ngokungafaniyo namabango kaNintendo, kwaye itya kuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yobomi bebhetri, umzekelo, obunokuguqula iiyure ezingama-7 zomdlalo obonakalayo kunokuba ziiyure ezili-10 zomdlalo ongayiboniyo. Ubukho be-Afterburner kunye nempumelelo elandelayo ebizwa ngokuba yiNintendo yehardware yenkani ukuba ibe ngumbuzo, ekugqibeleni ibakhokele ekuphuhliseni Umdlalo woMfana oPhambili kwi-SP Iteration entsha ye-GBA ebandakanya umphambili ukuba uNintendo ekuqaleni wayengabandakanyi kwi-GBA. Ukujonga ukuba kwakungekho khuphiswano lukhulu kushishino oluphathwayo lokudlala emva phaya, zombini i-GBA kunye ne-GBA SP zisathengisa kakuhle kakhulu, nangona ubunenkani bukaNintendo babakhokelela ekubeni baboniswe yimodareyitha enye.
Ukwala ukwamkela into efunwa ngabadlala umdlalo, ukwala ukuphucula okwangoku
Njengoko inkani kaNintendo iqhubekeka, ikhule ngaphaya kwehardware kunye nesoftware, ifikelela kwiinkonzo zabo zokwenyani. Emva kokuchitha sonke isizukulwana sicinga ukuba ngaba abadlali beqonga bafuna ukusebenza kwi-Intanethi (kubonisiwe yiNintendo prodigy Shigeru Miyamoto malunga nesibini kwisithathu sendlela edlulayo olu dliwanondlebe ), kwaye abaxhasi i-GameCube yabo uqhagamshelo lwebhendi ebanzi , nangona impumelelo ye IMicrosoft Xbox Live yayicace gca ukuba ngumdlalo wokuthandwa kwe-Intanethi, uNintendo ekugqibeleni waquka inkonzo yokwenyani ye-Intanethi ngeWii yabo. Nangona kunjalo, yayifunyenwe ingafunyanwa kakuhle ngenxa yokuthintelwa ukuba ngubani umntu onokudlala naye ngenxa yodumo Iikhowudi Zabahlobo , unxibelelwano oluhlala lukhoyo, kwaye ngokufanayo ihlwempu Imithombo yeendaba kunye nomxholo womdlalo onokukhutshelwa. Ayisiyo kuphela ukuba uNintendo usilele ukubonelela ngenkonzo efanelekileyo kwi-Intanethi kuba banenkani kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuba abadlali bafuna enye, kodwa bayala ukubandakanya uhlaziyo olunokukhutshelwa kunye neepatches zemidlalo, okukhokelela ekubeni bathumele ii-discs zomzimba ngokwasemzimbeni xa umdlalo ukhutshiwe kwiqonga labo inebug, enje nge Guitar Hero III ’s Isandi semono fiasco . Umntu unokucinga ukuba uNintendo ebezakufunda kule mpazamo, kodwa ukukhutshwa kutsha nje kwe I-Metroid: Omnye uM ine-bug-break-in-bug ethintela abadlali ekuqhubekeni, ibanyanzela ukuba baqale umdlalo uphela kwasekuqaleni. Impendulo kaNintendo? Thumela ikhadi lakho le-Wii okanye le-SD nefayile yokugcina. Endaweni yokubonelela ngohlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokuhambelana kwe-Intanethi ngaphezulu kwe Uqhagamshelo lweNintendo Wi-Fi , UNintendo angathanda ukufumana iWiis ngeposi, agubungele iindleko zokuhambisa ngenqanawa, emva koko uhlele ngokwahlukeneyo ugcine iifayile. Baneenkani kangangokuba xa bekhona uyazi kwaye uzimisele ukuvuma abanayo inkonzo efanelekileyo kwi-intanethi, abakacwangcisi ukwenza nantoni na malunga naloo nto .
INintendo idumisa ukutsha, kodwa ngaba iyila ngokwaneleyo?
Nokuba akukho namnye othanda i-Nintendo franchise, ngaphandle kwe Imetroid (kuba uNintendo wayipasisa i-franchise ukuya kubaphuhlisi ababini abanga-Nintendo), omnye uya kuba nexesha elinzima lokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-franchise zabo abazithandayo ayisiyiyo nje eyokuphinda-phinda oko kwenziwa ngaphambili. Igosa likaZelda: I-Ocarina yexesha ngu kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokubanzi ukuba yenye yezona midlalo zibalaseleyo zakha zenziwa, ke ngenxa yolwamkelo oluqinisekileyo, uNintendo akazange aphambuke kwindlela yokudlala ngayo nayiphi na eyintloko Zelda isihloko ukusukela, ngokuthethwa okufanayo kuyo nayiphi na eyintloko (hayi ispinoff) yokwenza it Abazalwana abakhulu beSmash , UMario , Igama loqhagamshelwano Kirby , Umfuziselo woMlilo , UMario Kart , Iqela likaMario , kunye I-Pokemon franchise. INintendo inenkani kakhulu ukuzama into entsha, kwaye xa besiva into entsha ifuna ukwenzeka (kwi IiMetroid’s ityala), badlulisa nje i-franchise ethandekayo kumntu wesithathu. Ngelixa uNintendo wobuchopho bukaShigeru Miyamoto esoloko encoma izinto ezintsha, umntu omnye uyazibuza ukuba kutheni uNintendo enenkani kakhulu kwiindlela zakhe zokwenza uhlobo oluthile lokwenza izinto ezintsha ngayo nayiphi na i-franchise yayo ephambili. Zingaphi amanzi kwaye ihlathi Ngaba ngokwenene kufuneka sizivelele iitempile? Ngaba ikhonkco alinakho ukukhokela umkhosi okanye ukuthintela ukungqingwa okukhokelwe nguGanon kwinqaba yaseHyrule kube kanye? Ngaba siyayidinga enye ukukhanya kwaye mnyama umatshini wehlabathi kwinkqubo yeNintendo? Wenza ntoni emhlabeni uMario ngazo zonke ezo zinto iinkwenkwezi ebekhona ukuqokelela ye iminyaka ?
Abaphathi beNintendo banenkani kakhulu, enyanisweni, bade baphume bengazi ngeshishini labo kunokuba bahlawule abanye abaphuhlisi imbeko, nditsho nezo ziye zanempumelelo kumzi mveliso, phantse ukubakhupha ngaphandle kweshishini. (Jonga: Miyamoto's ukungazi ye-Sony's ethandwa kakhulu Ratchet kunye Clank uthotho kunye neIwata ukugxothwa kwe-chipper yalo naluphi na ukhuphiswano kolu shishino: Asazi bantu bachasayo.)
Emva kokuyila ishishini ukusukela ebusaneni balo, iNintendo lilitye lembombo lemidlalo njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Nokuba uNintendo ukhe waqubuda kwishishini kwaye aphelise ii-franchise zayo ngesoyikiso se-Iwata, baya kuhlala bekhunjulwa ngobuchule obuhle kunye nabalinganiswa abathandekayo. Kodwa ukuba uNintendo uyake aphume kolu shishino, kuya kuba kungenxa yokuba banenkani kakhulu ukuyithintela.
