Xa abasetyhini bebhala imbali, iphantsi koqwalaselo olongezelelekileyo olusekwe. Xa abantu basetyhini besenza imbali, ukusekwa kuyacaphuka ngakumbi. Ngamanye amaxesha abo bafazi abahoywa nje, abanye babo bayagxothwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ilizwe libabiza ngokuba baphambene, bayingozi, okanye babi kakhulu, ngamagqwirha. UMargaret Murray, kunye nencwadi yakhe edumileyo neyimpikiswano Inkolo Yobugqwirha eNtshona Yurophu , ibizizo zonke ezo zinto.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange uve ngoMargaret Murray, kodwa mhlawumbi umazi umntu othile okanye wabona inkcubeko ethile yepop eyayichukunyiswe yiyo. Kungenxa yokuba incwadi yakhe ye-1921 yayilinyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimibono yabasetyhini kwimbali kunye nokunyuka kobuhedeni, ubugqwirha, kunye neWicca entshona. Ingcamango kaMurray, ukuba ubugqwirha yayiyinkolo eyayiqhubeka ngokufihlakeleyo eYurophu ukusuka kumaxesha obuhedeni, yaphembelela ngokuthe ngqo ukusekwa kweWicca.
Ubugqwirha bukho ngoku . Izenzo zomlingo, ukusuka kumakristali kunye ne-aromatherapy ukuya kwiziqalekiso nokuvumisa, zinomzuzwana kwaye ziphinde zavela kwindawo yesiqhelo, kunye nengqwalaselo esingakhange siyibone ukusukela kumtshangatshangiso weWiccan wama-90s. Wonke umntu ufuna ukuba ligqwirha . Ubugqwirha buquka izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezenzo ezahlukileyo ngendlela emangalisayo, kwaye iWicca ngoku, ngokungafaniyo nakwi-90s, yamkelwe njengenye yazo. I-Wicca yinkolo, ngelixa ubugqwirha ligama elikhulu kuyo nayiphi na into eyenziwa ngumlingo okanye umlingo, kodwa impembelelo yeWicca ekuhambeni okukhulu kunye nomdla kubugqwirha ayinakujongwa.
I-Wicca, inkolo yanamhlanje, yasekwa nge-1950s eNgilane yindoda egama linguGerald Gardner. UGardner wayeneempembelelo ezininzi kwimikhwa yakhe, kubandakanya umlingo, idruidry, intsomi, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeenkolelo zonqulo, kodwa wathi uninzi lwento eyayiqokelelwa yinkcubeko yakhe yokuqala yayivela kwimikhwa yamandulo, yadluliselwa kuye ngasese ngesivumelwano. Ukuxhasa oku, wayethembele emsebenzini kaMurray, umsebenzi wakhe wawusithi bekukho, ngenkulungwane ye-16 okanye ye-17, inkolo yabantu eYurophu eyayibona inkolo esekwe kuchuma egxile kuthixokazi kunye nothixo oneempondo, owayedidekile ngusathana.
UMurray wayelilungu lokuqala lobufazi, ugqirha wezinto zase-Egypt kunye nomfundi ngexesha ababhinqileyo babengabalulekanga kwezobuchwephesha, kwaye bekholelwa kwimbali yobugqwirha eYurophu. Wazalwa ngo-1863, waphila de kwangowe-1963, ebhala ngobugqwirha kwaye ekhuthaza ukuphononongwa ngokutsha kwembali eyayingakhathalelwanga ngaphambili. Ngenxa yesithixokazi, uMurray wabhala IEncyclopedia Britannica ukungena kubugqwirha obasetyenziswa kangangeminyaka engama-40, ngoko ke impembelelo yakhe ayinakungahoywa.
Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe, okwangoku, uchaziwe. Njengoko uninzi lubekile, Kwakukho ingxaki enye. UMargaret Murray wayengalunganga . Kodwa… ngaba yena?
Iingqinisiso zomzuzu wethu womlingo zihlala zibandakanya ukulandela iWicca njengesiko elisekwe ngabantu ababesenza izinto, kwaye oko kubandakanya uGardner kwaye, ngokubanzi, uMurray. Izolo nje, upapasho lwenkolo Izinto zokuqala Upapashe inqaku ngoMargaret Murray, embiza Umfazi ophefumlele i-Wicca .
Izinto zokuqala lupapasho olubonakala ngathi luzimisele ekubuyiseni i-U.S. kwiimpawu zobuKristu abazibona ngathi zonakalisile kule minyaka ingama-70 idlulileyo okanye njalo, andothuki ukuba bayamgxotha uMurray. Nantsi indlela abawuchaza ngayo umsebenzi wakhe:
Phantsi nje kwenkulungwane eyadlulayo, ngo-1921, enye yezona ncwadi zingaqhelekanga ezakha zapapashwa yi-Oxford University Press yabhalwa ngokushicilelwa: Inkolo Yobugqwirha eNtshona Yurophu NguMargaret Alice Murray. Ngokwemigangatho yemfundo yanamhlanje-phofu, kwanemigangatho yee-1920-incwadi kaMurray yayigcwele iziphene eziselubala kwindlela yokwenza nophando. Ngapha koko, umbhali wencwadi (ugqirha ophambili wase-Egypt) wayengakulungelanga ukuyibhala.
Baye baqhubeka nokuxoxa ngokuqulathwe kwincwadi kaMurray kunye neendlela apho, ezingqondweni zabo, baphembelela yonke intshukumo yeWiccan kunye neNeo-Pagan, kwaye ngenxa yoko, bathetha ukuba yonke into eza kuphuma kuloo ntshukumo isekwe kubuxoki. Ngu-a enkulu Ukugqithiswa kwembali kunye nesibheno seWicca. Kwakukho imisebenzi emininzi ngaphambi nasemva kukaMurray eyaphembelela uGardner, njengencwadi kaCharles Leland yowe-1899, Aradia, okanye iVangeli yamaGqwirha , okanye uRobert Graves ’ Umfazikazikazi omhlophe , ukusukela ngo-1948. Kungenxa yokuba uMurray wayengumbhali wasetyhini kuphela kweli qela, ke ukungaziphathi kakuhle kuyadlala apha, kodwa wayekwabanga nembali eyimfihlo yobugqwirha ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yayingeyonyani.
Kukho ubunyani bokugxekwa kunye nokugxothwa kwemisebenzi kunye nemibono kaMurray . Umsebenzi kaMurray ubukhulu becala wawusekelwe kwizivumo kumakhosikazi aseScotland atyholwa ngobugqwirha ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17. Lo ngumthombo ombi kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ubuncinci bezi zinto bengaba bafazi bebevuma phantsi kwesoyikiso sokuhlukunyezwa- bengathembekanga ngendlela eyoyikisayo- kunye nengcinga yakhe, yokuba kukho inkolo eyimfihlo okanye ihlelo lamagqwirha eYurophu awayejolise izilingo zamagqwirha, nokuba bekukho iisabatha kunye neentlanganiso ezinamanani abonakala ngathi ngusathana kodwa ebengenguye, kukunyaniseka, hayi into enkulu.
Imisebenzi kaMurray kamva yahamba ngakumbi ukucima iileyili kude nembali . Wayebanga ukuba kukho isithethe esingapheliyo sonqulo olufihlakeleyo lobuhedeni eYurophu ejikeleze uthixo oneempondo, kwi UThixo wamagqwirha , Kwaye nangakumbi ngokungaqhelekanga, ibango kwi UKumkani oyiNgcwele eNgilane ukuba kukho iyelenqe eliyimfihlo labahedeni kwizidwangube zamaNgesi. Akukho nanye kwezi ichanekileyo, kodwa kwakhona, uMurray wayengekho yedwa kwaphela kwiingcamango zakhe. Wayenguye kuphela umfazi obabhalayo.
Impembelelo kaMargaret Murray, nangona kunjalo, ayinanto yakwenza nembali kwaye inento yokwenza nomoya wento awayebhala ngayo. Inyaniso yokuba iingcamango zikaMurray zazicinyiwe kwaye iinyani zakhe zazingekho oko akuthethi ukuba wayekho ngokupheleleyo iphosakele ngobugqwirha. Ngoku, anditsho ukuba ibango lobugqwirha likaMurray lalichanekile, kuba akukho bungqina bubhaliweyo bokubuxhasa, kodwa into ekhoyo, kuyo yonke indawo, kukuba umlingo kunye nobugqwirha uqobo babezizinto zokwenene kwimbali.
Umlingo yinxalenye yenkcubeko nganye. Ukusuka ekwakhiweni kuka-Stonehenge ukuya ekwenzeni umnqweno xa kucinywa ikhandlela lokuzalwa, wonke umntu kunye nenkcubeko emhlabeni bakholelwa kwizinto ezingabonwayo. Ngelixa ihlelo lobugqwirha elalilungelelanisiwe eYurophu lisenokungabikho, imilingo yabantu kunye neempembelelo zobuhedeni kuyo yonke into evela uyilo iyeza kwiiholide iphelile. Ngokuqinisekileyo babekhona abantu ababhinqileyo kunye nabesilisa ababethetha kwimimoya nakwimimoya; baqhelisela amakhambi, ukuvumisa, ubuqhetseba neminye imilingo; okanye uqaphele amasiko okuzala aneengcambu zakudala, kodwa olo hlobo lomlingo kunye nenkolelo yesintu luchasene ngqo nohlobo lwenkolo okanye inkolo eyayifunwa nguMurray.
Andinakumgxeka uMurray, okanye noGerald Gardner, ngokuzama ukubona izinto zakudala zobuhedeni njengemfihlo, inkqubo eyalelweyo, ebandakanya iinkolelo ezithile kunye namasiko, adluliselwe kwizithunzi ukutyhubela iminyaka. Xa ukhulela kwilizwe lobuKristu, apho ilizwi likaThixo livela kwicawa ehleliweyo esekwe kwisicatshulwa esinye esingcwele, yindlela onokuthi ubone inkolo ngayo. UMurray wayezalwa kuqala kwaye wakhulela e-India, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yoko le nto, kwindawo yokuqala, wayevulelwe ukuba abuze ubungqina bembali yobuKristu.
Imbali inzima, kwaye inkolo kunye nenkolelo ngakumbi. Ngelixa kulula kwaye linomtsalane ukunciphisa imbali kunye neenkolo ukuya kwinkqubela phambili emgceni kunye namasiko angaqhekekiyo adluliswa kwiminyaka, ayisiyiyo indlela esebenza ngayo. Inani lolwazi kunye nezenzo ezingazange zibhalwe phantsi, okanye zigqithiswe kuphela ngomlomo okanye ngezithethe eziqhelekileyo, zinkulu kakhulu. Kuninzi kakhulu esingakwaziyo, kwaye ukuzama ukudibanisa okudlulileyo kufana nokuphinda uqokelele ivazi eyaphukileyo xa konke esinako kuyimbinana nje; asisoze sawubona umfanekiso opheleleyo.
Kwaye… kulungile. Xa kuziwa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokomoya, imvelaphi ayibalulekanga njengokuba injalo kuthetha ebantwini kwaye ukuba iyabanceda baphile ubomi obungcono, obonwabisayo. Xa umntu esiza kum ezokugxeka inkolelo yam kwiWicca okanye ubugqwirha nge-zinger Well, yonke le nto yenziwe zii-hooey, impendulo yam ihlala ikukuhlikihla kwaye ithi kwa-into efanayo isebenza kuyo yonke inkolo. Bonke kwafuneka baqale kwenye indawo, rhoqo kwiindawo zeentsomi ezilahlekileyo kulungelelwaniso lwethu, kwimbali ebhaliweyo.
UMargaret Murray akafumananga unqulo lobugqwirha oluyimfihlo, kodwa wenza ukuba abantu bajonge imbali ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwaye nento ayenzileyo ikhuthaze kwaye yachukumisa izigidi zabantu. Ungayibiza ngokuba yenza into engenakwenzeka kwizithako ezimbalwa ezilula, kodwa kum… oko kuvakala kufana nomlingo.
(nge Izinto zokuqala umfanekiso: Wikimedia Commons)
Ngaba ufuna amanye amabali anje? Yiba ngumbhalisi kwaye uxhase indawo!
-UMary Sue unemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokuphawula engavumiyo, kodwa ayikhawulelwanga, ukuthukwa nabani na , Intiyo nentetho egonyamelayo. —
