Kuyo yonke intetho malunga namalungelo empu kunye nenkcubeko yemipu, inye into eshiyekileyo kukuba ilungelo lokuthwala izixhobo liye laba ngumxholo welungelo. Kodwa i-NRA ayikho malunga namalungelo emipu konke AmaMelika. Ubuncinci hayi ngokwembali.
Makhe sijonge Umthetho waseMulford . Ilungu leNdibano yeRiphabhlikhi yaseCalifornia uDon Mulford wayila umthetho oyilwayo ephendula amalungu eBlack Panther Party, kwaye ngo-1967, yasayinwa yangumthetho nguthixo wamaRiphabhlikhi. URonald Reagan xa wayengumlawuli waseCalifornia.
Elinye lamaqhinga okuqala eQela eliMnyama laMnyama yayikukusebenzisa imithetho yangoku evulekileyo yokuphatha imipu ukukhusela amalungu eQela ngelixa beqhuba ukubukela kwabo. Esi senzo senzelwa ukurekhoda izehlo zobundlobongela bamapolisa ngokulandela ngokulandela iimoto zamapolisa ezijikeleze ubumelwane. Xa bejamelene nepolisa, amalungu eQela angakhankanya imithetho engqina ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo bayenzileyo, kwaye basongela ngokusa enkundleni nakweyiphi na igosa elaphula amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko. Ngelo xesha, umthetho waseCalifornia wawusithi uvunyelwe ukuphatha umpu okanye umpu ogcweleyo nokuba nje ubonakalisiwe esidlangalaleni kwaye ungakhombi mntu. Ukusetyenziswa okuhle kwamalungelo oLungiso lweSibini, akunjalo? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, esinye sezizathu zokuba ulungiso lwesibini lubekhona-ngokutsho kwabo bangama-gun-kukuba iqela elincinci labantu linokuma nxamnye norhulumente xa besenza okungalunganga.
Imikhosi elawulwa kakuhle iyimfuneko kukhuseleko lukarhulumente okhululekileyo, ilungelo labantu lokugcina nokuphatha izixhobo alizukunyhashwa.
Umbutho weBlack Panther, ngandlel 'ithile, yayililungu elilawulwa kakuhle elizama ukukhusela uluntu lwalo ngokuchasana nokuphathwa gadalala ngamapolisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba babejongwa njengabanobutshaba kunye nokulwa ubuhlanga, okwakunguhayi-hayi, ngandlel 'ithile bobabini abaDemokhrasi kunye nabaseRiphabhlikhi banokuhlangana ukwenza umthetho owawuthintela ukuphathwa kwezixhobo ezigcweleyo esidlangalaleni.
URonald Reagan utshilo ukuba bekungekho sizathu sokuba esitratweni namhlanje ummi kufanele ukuba aphathe izixhobo ezilayishiwe, kwaye imipu ibiyindlela ehlekisayo yokusombulula iingxaki ekufuneka zisonjululwe phakathi kwabantu abathanda okuhle. Uye wongeza ke ukuba umthetho oyilwayo awuzukusebenza kubemi abathembekileyo.
Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi IAtlantic inqaku, Imbali eyimfihlo yemipu , Iinkokeli zamaLungelo oLuntu kunye namaqela ngokwembali azamile ukusebenzisa imipu ukuzikhusela. Nkqu noMartin Luther King, Omnci wafaka isicelo semvume yokuphatha umpu ofihliweyo ngo-1956, emva kokuba ibhombu yendlu yakhe. Isicelo sakhe saliwe, kodwa abaxhasi abaxhobileyo bakhusela ikhaya lakhe endaweni yoko.
Iimpikiswano zale mihla ze-NRA zaphindaphindwa ukubuyela emva kwiminyaka yee-60s ziinkokheli zePherher ezinje ngoHuey Newton noBobby Seale, ababewazi umthetho kwaye besenza yonke into ngobundlongondlongo, kodwa ngokusemthethweni. Umzekelo, njengoAdam Winkler kwi IAtlantic isixelela:
NgoFebruwari ka-1967, amapolisa ase-Oakland amisa imoto eyayiphethe i-Newton, i-Seale, kunye namanye ama-Panther ngemipu nemipu. Xa elinye ipolisa lacela ukubona omnye wemipu, uNewton wala. ‘Akukho mfuneko yokuba ndikunike nantoni na ngaphandle kwesazisi sam, igama kunye nedilesi,’ wanyanzelisa. Oku, naye, wayefunde kwisikolo somthetho.
‘Ucinga ukuba ungubani esihogweni?’ Laphendula latsho ipolisa.
'Ngubani esihogweni ucinga wena are? ’Waphendula enomsindo uNewton. Uxelele igosa ukuba yena nabahlobo bakhe banelungelo elisemthethweni lokuba nemipu.
UNewton wehla emotweni, esaphethe umpu wakhe.
‘Uza kwenza ntoni ngala mpu?’ Labuza elinye lala mapolisa emangalisiwe.
‘Uza kwenza ntoni eyakho umpu? ’waphendula uNewton.
Umthetho waseMulford, ngelo xesha, wawuyinguqulelo yanamhlanje yenkqubo yesiqhelo yokugcina abantu abamnyama kude nemipu. Inxalenye yeeKhowudi eziMnyama igcina abantu abantsundu bekhululwa kude nemipu ngenxa yokoyika imvukelo. Ndiyathetha, bafuna ukwenza ntoni ngezo mpu? Yenza i-militia elawulwe kakuhle iyimfuneko kukhuseleko lwasimahla?
Ke yayiphi i-NRA ngoko? Ewe, i-NRA yasekwa ngo-1871, kwaye yazisa amalungu ayo malunga namatyala ahambelana nemipu ukusukela ngo-1934, kodwa ibiphembelela ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ichasene nomthetho ukusukela ngo-1975.
Ngeminyaka yee-1920 kunye neye-30, i-NRA yayiphambili kwimizamo yowiso-mthetho yokuphumeza ulawulo lwemipu, ukuya kuthi ga apho umongameli we-NRA ngelo xesha, uKarl T. Frederick, wathi akakholelwa kulonyulo ngokubanzi yemipu. Ndicinga ukuba iya kuthintelwa kabukhali kwaye iphantsi kwelayisensi kuphela.
Ngo-1968, xa ingxelo yokugqibela yoMthetho woLawulo lweGun yamkelwa emva kokubulawa kuka-JFK, owayesakuba ngusekela-mongameli we-NRA, uFranklin Orth, wema emva komthetho. Ngelixa izinto ezithile zomthetho, utshilo, zibonakala zinqande ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye zingenasizathu kwisicelo sabo kubemi abathobela umthetho, umlinganiso xa uwonke ubonakala ngathi zezemidlalo baseMelika abanokuhlala nazo.
Ngo-Meyi ka-1977, u-Harlon Carter, owayebaleka ingalo ye-NRA esandula ukusekwa, kunye nabalingane bakhe benza uqhushululu kwintlanganiso yobulungu yonyaka. UCarter wanyulwa njengesekela-mongameli elitsha, kwaye wayeza kuguqula i-NRA ibe yindawo yamandla okubambisa esiyaziyo namhlanje. Enye yeentshukumo zabo zokuqala zopolitiko yayisisigqibo se-1980 sokuxhasa, okokuqala kwiminyaka eli-100 yombutho, umgqatswa wobongameli. Umgqatswa wabo okhethiweyo: URonald Reagan.
Okwangoku, i-NRA isenokuthetha ngokuphandle ngokuxhasa imithetho evulekileyo yokuthwala, uhlobo olufanayo lwemithetho eyathandwa nguReagan wabo abathandayo xa abantu abamnyama babephethe imipu.
Kodwa babethule kakhulu emva kokudutyulwa kukaPhilando Castile.
Abo banokuba sele belibele, uPhilando Castile wayeyindoda emnyama eyabulawa ngexesha lokumisa izithuthi. Igosa elidubuleyo lamnqanda kuba abahlali babini bafana nabantu ababebandakanyeke kuphango. Umqhubi ujongeka ngokungathi ngomnye wabarhanelwa bethu, ngenxa yempumlo ebanzi. Khange ndikwazi ukujonga kakuhle umkhweli. Xa uCastile wamiswayo, intombi yakhe uDiamond Reynolds kunye nentombi yakhe eneminyaka emine babekwimoto kunye naye.
Ngokwe- ukukhuphela yesandi:
Phambi kokuba uCastile asigqibe isigwebo, uYanez waphazamisa kwaye ngokuzolileyo waphendula wathi, ‘Kulungile,’ wabeka isandla sakhe sasekunene kwingalo yesixhobo sakhe esingxolisiweyo. U-Yanez uthe, 'Kulungile, sukuyifumana, ke… musa ukuyikhupha.' U-Castile uphendule wathi, 'andiyikhuphi,' watsho no-Reynolds, 'Akayikhuphi.' ephindaphindwe, ephakamisa ilizwi, 'Ungayikhuphi!' njengoko ekhawuleze watsala umpu wakhe ngesandla sakhe sasekunene kwaye wafaka isandla ngaphakathi kwefestile yomqhubi ngesandla sasekhohlo. UReynolds wakhwaza, ‘Hayi!’ U-Yanez wasusa ingalo yakhe yasekhohlo emotweni wadubula imitsi esixhenxe ejonge eCastile ngokulandelelana. UReynolds wakhwaza, “Ubulele nje isoka lam!” UCastile wakhalaza wathi, “Andizukuyifumana.” U-Reynolds wakhwaza wathi, “Akayifikeleli.” Phambi kokuba agqibe isigwebo sakhe, u-Yanez waphinda wakhwaza, UReynolds waphendula wathi, 'Akakhange ayikhuphe.' U-Yanez wakhwaza wathi, 'Ungashukumi! Mka!'
Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho sizathu sokuba uCastile atsalwe, ngaphandle kokuba wayekrokrelwa ngokufutshane ukuba ungomnye umntu. Wayephethe umpu, kwaye yayiyindawo evulekileyo yokuthwala. Kwakungekho ntiyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayeyindoda emnyama enompu, wathathwa njengoyikisayo. Elinye kuphela ilungu le-NRA elalizokukhusela uCastile Colion Mnyama , Ilungu leNRA elimnyama elidumileyo.
'U-Yanez uhamba esuka kweli tyala indoda ekhululekileyo necacileyo ayilunganga,' ubhale watsho uNair iposi ekwi-intanethi ngeCawa. Nangona wayekucekisile 'ukurhintyela ugqatso', uNair wabhala, 'ubuhlanga obufihlakeleyo yinto yokwenene kwaye buyingozi kakhulu.'
‘UPhilando Castile kufanele ukuba uyaphila namhlanje. Andiziva [uYanez] evukile ngala mini efuna ukudubula umntu omnyama. Nangona kunjalo, ndihlala ndizibuza, ngaba ngekhe enze kwa into enye ukuba uPhilando ebemhlophe? '
Ngaphandle kokuzibiza ngokuba ngowona mbutho wamalungelo amadala, i-NRA ibonakala ingenamdla ekukhuseleni amalungelo oluntu abanini bemipu emnyama.
(Umfanekiso: UStephen Maturen / imifanekiso kaFetty)
-UMary Sue unemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokuphawula engavumiyo, kodwa ayikhawulelwanga, ukuthukwa nabani na , Intiyo nentetho egonyamelayo. —
