** Esi sithuba sinezinto ezonakalisa ifilimu Igqwirha. **
Kwaye ngubani onelungelo elingcono? Watsho umntu ongamaziyo, ngolunye uncumo lwakhe oloyikekayo. Xa isiphoso sokuqala senziwe kwi-Indiya yokuqala, ndandikho. Xa ikhoboka lokuqala lakhutshelwa iCongo, ndema kumgangatho wayo. Andikho ezincwadini zakho nakumabali nakwiinkolelo zakho, ukusuka kwiindawo zokuhlala zokuqala ukuya phambili? Andithethi na, nangoku, kwicawa nganye eNew England? 'Kuyinyani ukuba uMantla ubanga mna njengoMzantsi, kunye noMzantsi woMntla, kodwa andinguye. NdingumMerika othembekileyo njengawe-kwaye ndingowesona sizalo-sokuba, ndithethe inyani, Mnu. Webster, nangona ndingathandi ukuziqhayisa ngayo, igama lam lidala kweli lizwe kunelakho. - UStephen Vincent Benet, UMtyholi kunye noDaniel Webster
Njengokuninzi kweminye imiba yaseMelika-uninzi lwemithetho yethu, uninzi looyise abasungulayo, et cetera-uninzi lweengqungquthela zesizwe zeentsomi ezingaphaya kwendalo zineengcambu kwinkcubeko ngokubanzi yase-Europe kwaye ngakumbi isiNgesi. Olunye uncwadi lokuqala lwaseMelika olungaphaya kwendalo, olufana nolo lukaNathaniel Hawthorne, lunobuntu obubandayo, isiNgesi samaPuritan. Nkqu nomsebenzi ocacileyo waseMelika kaH. I-Lovecraft inemvelaphi engathandabuzekiyo kwimisebenzi yaseBritish efana neAlgernon Blackwood kunye noArthur Machen. Ngelixa lo msebenzi uyimveliso yabantu baseMelika kunye noloyiko lwaseMelika, ugcwalisa oko beza phambi komsebenzi ngokwawo kunye nohlanga lwayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, uhlobo olwahlukileyo noluchulumancisayo lwento eyoyikisayo luyavela: into endiyibiza ngokuba yiHorror-Americana, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwebinzana elingcono-apho umva wokoyikekayo kungeyiyo iMelika-yejografi-kuphela, kodwa Melika-ingcinga. Umzekelo wento endithetha ngayo, jonga kwi-indie horror hit kulo nyaka Igqwirha . Isalathiso sichanekile ngokuthe ngqo: Kwezinye iinkolelo ezingachazwanga, ii-1630 zePuritan William ( Imidlalo yeethrone' URalph Ineson) kunye nosapho lwakhe bagxothiwe eMassachusetts bahlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, emva koko imikhosi eyoyikisayo yaqala ukubanga nganye nganye.
Ngokwendlela yemveli yaseMelika, uWilliam uphila iphupha laseMelika ngokuziqhayisa yedwa nosapho kunokuba alandele iinkolelo zoluntu lwakhe. Ungumntu o-risty wenkulungwane ngaphambi kwekota kunye nombono weza unxulunyaniswa nomntu waseMelika, kwaye umenza ntoni? Ukuphulukana nosapho lonke kwimikhosi engapheliyo ethi, umboniso bhanyabhanya uthetha, uluntu oluqinileyo lwalunokubakhusela kulo. Ingxoxo inokwenziwa ukuba le yeyona nto ithathwa ngokugqibeleleyo yimigangatho yePuritan, kodwa kuyothusa ukubona ukukhalimela kwisikolo esidala, i-white-picket-fence yaseMelika amaxabiso, nokuba ingxabano inokwenziwa yile nto kanye amaxabiso kufuneka.
Jonga kananjalo kuthotho lweLibba Bray Abavumisi , Olunye lawona manqaku atyebileyo atyebileyo kubantu abadala abancinci kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Olu luhlu, luvela ngqo kumnqweno kaBray wokudibanisa iintsomi zembali nezingaphaya kwendalo, lwenzeka eRoaring '20s New York, egxile kwi (fictional) Museum of American Folklore, Superstition and the Occult. Owona mntu uphambili ngumoya kaJack umbulali weRipper-esque, kodwa iBigger yayo eNkulu, njengoko iTV Tropes ibeka njalo, sisono sokuqala saseMelika-imikhosi enje ngobuhlanga, ubundlobongela bamapolisa kunye nokubaxeka kwenkolo. Oku kulandela ke, ukuba abalinganiswa beetayitile, iqela elahlukileyo labakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abadala abancinci abanesakhono esingaphaya kwendalo, bamele ukutshintsha kobuso belo xesha laseMelika: umgijimi omnyama, umgijimi waseIreland-waseMelika, isitabane esifuna umbhali wengoma, Intombi yamaJuda yabaphembeleli bezabasebenzi kunye nokunye. Ububi obudala, obunzulu bubalekela nzulu eMelika, uBray ubonakala esitsho, kwaye abasindisi bayo ababonakali njengamaqhawe esizwe afike ngaphambili.
Inoveli entsha kaMat Ruff, Ilizwe laseLovecraft Kude kube kungacacanga malunga nale mixholo, ngeyona ndlela ibhetele. Ngaphandle kokuphindaphindeka kwezinto ezinamandla angaphezu kwendalo, esinye sezona zigcawu zothusayo sesinye esixelelwa ngaso: Umpapashi wesikhokelo sohambo esikhuselekileyo sabantu abaMnyama uxelela umhlobo wakhe owatsalwa ngorhatya ngunothimba wase-New England, owazisa ukuba ukwindawo yokutshona kwelanga, kwaye wayenemizuzu elithoba yokuwela umgca wommandla ngaphambi kokuba ubomi bakhe bungasakhuselwa ngumthetho. Incwadi ngokwayo igcwele iindlela zokuhlangana phakathi kwe-cosmic horror sub-genre ethi uLodcraft uqobo wayilungisa kunye nobuhlanga oboyikekayo obuchaze iMiddle Century yaseMelika kwaye, ngelishwa, U-Lovecraft ngokwakhe , kunye nomsebenzi wakhe omninzi.
URuff wenza ukuba le mixholo mibini ihlangane embindini ngeendlela eziqaqambileyo, ezinje ngomda weplani obandakanya indlu ehlaselwe ngaphakathi 'kwiminyaka engama-50s eChicago kwintengiso yezindlu eyayisaziwa ngokuba nobuhlanga, okanye umlingisi wayo omncinci waseKorea ogqirha wezilwanyana u-Atticus Turner ebotshelelwe kwigazi loluntu oluyimfihlo lakudala isiko kunye nokuzilibazisa ngeqela leMagical Negro. Ngumsebenzi oqaqambileyo wemeta-fiction osicela ukuba sicinge ngokungagungqi malunga neMelika kuphela kodwa malunga ne-American horror and fantasy uncwadi, ezinje ngemeko apho utata ka-Atticus afuna ukwazi ukuba unyana wakhe ongumlutha we-sci-fi angazisusa njani iqhawe U-Edgar Rice Burroughs 'uJohn Carter waseMars, owayesakuba lijoni le-Confederate.
Uninzi lwenkcubeko edumileyo yaseMelika sisiphumo sokubambelela kwiimpembelelo ezingafaniyo kwi-blender kunye nokurhoxa kwisiphumo esahlukileyo, kwaye olu hlobo loyikiso alukho ngaphandle. Ndibhalile ngaphambili ukuba, ngohlobo lwayo olungenabunzulu, uloyiko luhlobo lokuphendula, kodwa lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, lucelomngeni kwimibono yethu kwaye lusenza sibuze izizathu zethu zokoyikayo kwaye singoyiki. I-Horror-Americana iya kanye embindini wale nto: ngubani isihogo esaziyo into elele kwithafa elineziqhamo emva kokutshona kwelanga?
UZack Budryk yintatheli yaseWashington, DC-egubungele ukukhubazeka, ubufazi kunye nemicimbi yezempilo kaMary Sue, Quail Bell, Ravishly kunye neVeki yeVeki. Incwadana yakhe yokuqala, UJudith , iyafumaneka ngoku ukulungiselela kwangaphambili . Uhlala e-Alexandria kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uRaychel.
