Umzobi ifumana iwonga elininzi lokuthabathela amabhongo kwesi siqwenga somdlalo bhanyabhanya waseMelika, ukugqithiswa kwefilimu ethe cwaka ukwenza indlela yee-talkies. Ngumzamo omhle kunye newotshi enomngeni, kwaye iphendula owona mbuzo wobugcisa kuyo yonke imibuzo yobugcisa, eyile: Kukuba yintoni ukuba ube ngumzobi xa kungenakwenzeka ukwenza obo bugcisa?
Kubadlali bebhanyabhanya abangathethiyo ekupheleni kwee-20s, loo mbuzo wawukuxhalabisa rhoqo, kunye nezimvo ezahlukileyo ezijongana neenkxalabo zefilosofi nezisebenzayo. Umzobi kunzima ukulungisa naziphi na iziganeko ezibalaseleyo ngexesha lolu tshintsho, ukhethe endaweni yokujonga i-engile yomntu. Imizabalazo leyo UGeorge Valentin ubuso phakathi Umzobi zavakaliswa uninzi lweenkwenkwezi zethu zeefilimu ezaziwa kakhulu ngelo xesha.
Ifilimu ibenyezela ubunyani bokuba ifilimu yesandi yaqala ukwaziswa kwangoko nge-1923, ngokuboniswa kwetekhnoloji entsha yesandi-se-bhanyabhanya enelungelo elilodwa lomenzi elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo iifilimu ezithuleyo ezazithandwa ngokukhawuleza. Izitudiyo eziphambili zonke zaxhokonxa ukuthenga kunye nokulungelelanisa itekhnoloji yokwenza iifilimu ezinkulu zestudiyo ngesandi esifakiwe. Utshintsho lwalungenakuphepheka, kwaye iinkwenkwezi zazikhokele kakuhle ukuba zikuqonde okuzayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kuyinyani ukuba umzuzu wokuza-kuYesu yayikukukhutshwa kweWarner Brothers 'ngo-1927. Imvumi yeJazz , koko omnye umgxeki wakubiza ngokugculelayo ukubiza ingxelo eyandisiweyo yeVitaphone UAl Jolson kwisiqingatha seshumi leengoma. Ngaphandle kwesigwebo esifanelekileyo sokuba ifilimu yenzelwe ukubonisa itekhnoloji yefilimu yesandi, ifilimu yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye yavula izibane kwiintloko ze-moviegoers - isandi sasinyanisekile, sasivumela uluhlu olubanzi, kwaye umdla ngakumbi. Kwakungekho mbuzo wokuphakama kwayo - uninzi.
Abanye babesaziva ukuba ifilimu yesandi yayiyi-gauche, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokungonwabi. UThomas Edison wacatshukiswa kukuqina kwangaphambi kwexesha kwesandi sefilimu, isiganeko esenziwe luluhlu oluncinci lokunyuswa okunikwe abadlali abafuna ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwibala lemakrofoni. Enye yeemveliso zokuqala ze-beta, ifilimu yesandi yafumana ubunzima kwezobuchwephesha: ukongeza kwintshukumo encinci, iikhamera ngelo xesha zazinengxolo enkulu kwaye zaziphazamisa ukudubula, bekukho ubunzima bokuvumelanisa imilomo yabadlali kwingxoxo, kunye imfuno yababhali-skrini (ibinzana umntu angalindelanga ukuba angaze afunde) ukubhala ngaphezulu kunezihloko eziphakathi. U-Edison wakhathazeka ngenxa yeshishini kwaye wabuyela ekwenzeni iifilimu ezingathethiyo ngeenkwenkwezi zexesha ezifana UClara Bow .
Uthobile, naye, uphathwe kabuhlungu kumcimbi ohlasele iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ezithuleyo kwiinzame zokutshintsha ukuba zivakale: isandi esomeleleyo. Yena kunye ne-twang yakhe yaseBrooklyn bayenza yaba ziincoko ngaphandle komcimbi omncinci, kodwa iinkwenkwezi zamazwe angaphandle ezinje ngeJamani UEmil Jannings okanye umdlali weHungary UVilma Banky intetho yabo ingumqobo omkhulu. Isimbo saseFransi sikaGeorge Valentin kumgca wakhe omnye ekupheleni Umzobi uhlawula imbeko kolu luvo. Omnye umba othintela ukutshintsha kweenkwenkwezi ezininzi ukuya kwii-talkies kukuswela kwabo uqeqesho lwelizwi - bekungeyomfuneko kwimisebenzi yabo yangaphambili, kwaye uninzi lwalunamazwi anyanzelekileyo kubaphulaphuli. Yaziwa kancinci UNorma Talmudge wahlupheka ngenxa yoku kwaye warhoxa kwiifilimu emva kokuba intetho yakhe yokuqala ingaphumelelanga. Xa wabuzwa i-autograph emva kokumka kwakhe e-cinema, uxelele abalandeli, Mkani, zithandwa. Andisakufuni futhi awundidingi.
Uninzi lwabadlali bathatha inxaxheba kwaye benza utshintsho kangangoko banako, kwaye kufanelekile Arist ukucebisa ukuba ezinye zazo, njengeqhawekazi layo eliyintsomi, i-Ruby-Keeler-imodeli UPeppy Miller , bazenzele kakuhle. ULillian Gish , UDW. Ifilimu eyithuleyo kaGriffith, yathatha ishumi leminyaka yaya kwenza imidlalo yeqonga yaza yabuyela kwifilimu, yanconywa yaza yakhetha amagama ambalwa ka-Oscar apha endleleni. UJoan Crawford , intloko ebalaseleyo eyintloko ephetheyo, wenza umsebenzi ophumelele kakhulu kwifilimu yesandi kude kube mdala, mdala. UClara Bow, ngelixa egxeka ukulahleka kwe-cuties kwii-talkies, awayezithiyile, naye wavuma ukuba akakwazanga ukwenza inkqubela phambili kwaye azilungelelanise kakuhle kangangoko. Oko kukuthi, hayi kakhulu, ukuhlakulela ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi kunye notywala obuye baqhubeka nobomi bakhe bonke. Ukunyaniseka, oko akunakuba kukwenziwa kwefilimu yesandi kangako njengesiphumo sokuvuka kunina ephethe imela emqaleni xa wayesengumntwana. Ewe! Kodwa lelo libali eloyikekayo lolunye usuku.
Umzobi ngaphezulu-kuyalinganisa ukukhawuleza kwenguqu kwifilimu yesandi, nangona kunjalo. Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, u-Edison uqhubeke nokwenza iifilimu ezingathethiyo ezenze kakuhle. IYurophu neAsia zatshintsha kancinci emva kwexesha kwaye kamva, ngokwahlukeneyo - ngasekupheleni kuka-1938, isithathu seefilimu zaseJapan zazisathe cwaka. USalvador Dali kwaye ULuis Bunuel ivelise isidoda Inja yaseAndalusi ngo-1929 njengefilimu ethe cwaka ngenjongo. Kwaye uMchasi oMkhulu wabo bonke, UCharlie Chaplin , Yenziwe Amaxesha Amhlanje Ngo-1936 (!), ifilimu yokugqibela yaseMelika eyayiphumelele eyayiyimpumelelo enkulu ngokwayo, kwaye zombini zorhwebo kwaye zithandwa kakhulu ngexesha layo.
Ifilimu yaqala njenge-talkie, ngokungathandekiyo ngokwaneleyo, kuba uChaplin wayeyithiyile ifilimu yesandi, kwaye umbandela lowo ujongana ngokufanelekileyo. I-Chaplin iinkwenkwezi njengomsebenzi wefektri ozama ukusinda kubugwenxa bokwenza kwale mihla, ezifumanisa elahlekile phakathi kwemveliso yobuninzi kwaye engenantsingiselo yomntu. Ifilimu ngumdlalo ohlekisayo, ukuze uqiniseke, kodwa ngale ndlela ikhethekileyo uChaplin uzisa uburharha kwisiphelo sayo esidanisayo. Ngo-1929, u-Chaplin wathi iiTalkies zonakalisa ubuhle obukhulu bokuthula. Boyisa intsingiselo yesikrini. Nangona uChaplin wayengenakukwazi ukubamba ngonaphakade - ngo-1940, wavelisa ifilimu yakhe yokuqala yesandi, Ukhohlisi oMkhulu, Omnye wemisebenzi yokuqala yobugcisa ka-anti-Hitler.
Isandi sasihlala senzelwe ukuba yinxalenye yefilimu, kunye nokungabikho kwayo kumashumi amathathu okuqala embali yayo ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwetekhnoloji eyazikhubekisa kwimincili yayo yolutsha. Oko akutsho ukuba olu tshintsho aluzange lube neziphumo zokwenyani kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezonakalisayo kubomi babantu, kwaye Umzobi intle, ukuba ilula, unyango lwelo xesha.
Nangona kufanelekile ukuba uchaze ukuba umntu ophambili kwi-protagonist yethu uGeorge Valentin ubonakala ngathi usekwe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuphela kwefilimu ethe cwaka.
UWilliam Powell , yena we-handle-bar-mustache kunye nenja encinci encinci ngaphezulu, wayenelizwi elinzulu nelinomtsalane elilungele yena kwiithethi. Yena kunye nomlingisi UMyrna Loy Yayiyindibaniselwano ye-superstar, kwaye wayibetha enkulu kakhulu kuyo Indoda eNgcwele , Ukuba luhlu olungu-A ngobusuku. Ke, uyabona - inkqubela phambili yayingeyonto imbi kuye wonke umntu. Ngokukodwa, kule meko, UJerry Bruckheimer .
UNatasha Simons wayengumfundi wefilimu omncinci onqwenela ukuba abe ngumdanisi njengoJoan Crawford. Ubhloga Apha .
